马克思与李嘉图的收入分配理论比较分析及启示

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:22

  本文关键词： 马克思 李嘉图 收入分配 比较分析　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：收入分配一直是经济学家关注的一个重要问题,经济学家们基于各自的经济利益和阶级利益,并在前经济学家的基础上,形成了自己的收入分配理论。本文系统地介绍了收入分配理论的历史演进:古典政治经济学的收入分配理论、庸俗资产阶级政治经济学的收入分配理论、马克思的收入分配理论和现代西方的收入分配理论,揭示了马克思的收入分配理论是在对古典政治经济学家尤其是李嘉图的收入分配理论进行批判继承的基础上建立起来的,并从时代背景、理论基础、主要内容和研究方法四个方面分别阐述了二者的收入分配理论。本文采用文献研究法、分析归纳法、比较分析法探讨了马克思与李嘉图的收入分配理论,通过对二者收入分配理论的比较,分析了二者收入分配理论的联系与区别,指出了李嘉图收入分配理论的进步性和局限性,而马克思的收入分配理论更具有合理性和科学性。李嘉图的收入分配理论中相对工资的提出有其合理和进步的成分,并由此揭示出资本主义社会中三大阶级的对立,但是他的局限性体现在认为工人实际工资下降是由于人口的增长;同时,李嘉图明确指出了地租(级差地租)是价格的结果而不是原因,这是他对地租理论的重要贡献,然而由于他混淆了自然价格和价值,因此就只承认级差地租的存在而否认了绝对地租的存在,这使他的地租理论陷入困境,从而使他的收入分配理论出现缺陷。而马克思的收入分配理论公开地揭示了:以暧昧形式存在于古典政治经济学中的利润等收入范畴是对劳动产品的一种扣除,具有“剩余”占有的性质,即剩余价值,同时克服了李嘉图收入分配理论的缺陷,实现了分配与价值之间决定机制的逻辑对应性,揭示了分配过程中所体现出来的剥削关系以及由此引起的阶级利益冲突。通过分析得知马克思的收入分配理论较李嘉图的收入分配理论有以下科学性:(1)解释了资本主义分配的本质,即资本家占有劳动者创造的剩余价值;(2)用联系发展的观点论述了收入分配的发展趋势;(3)准确地提出了分配发展的一般规律,具有较为完整的理论体系。本文结合我国当前经济体制改革的背景,对马克思收入分配理论在当代我国经济社会发展进程中的理论意义和实践价值进行深入探讨,并对当前我国收入分配制度改革中的问题及原因进行深入分析,最后提出有针对性的建议:(1)坚持以人为本的原则;(2)优化所有制结构;(3)提高劳动者报酬在国民收入中的比重;(4)理清收入分配关系并规范收入分配秩序;(5)强化政府在再分配中的作用。
[Abstract]:Income distribution has always been an important concern for economists, based on their respective economic interests and class interests, and on the basis of former economists. This paper systematically introduces the historical evolution of income distribution theory: the income distribution theory of classical political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, Marx's theory of income distribution and modern western theory of income distribution reveal that Marx's theory of income distribution was established on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the theory of income distribution of classical political economists, especially Ricardo. And from the background of the times, the theoretical basis, the main content and the research methods of income distribution theory, respectively. This paper probes into the income distribution theory of Marx and Ricardo through the comparison of their income distribution theory, analyzes the relation and difference between them, and points out the progressive nature and limitation of Ricardo's income distribution theory. However, Marx's theory of income distribution is more reasonable and scientific. There is a reasonable and progressive element in Ricardo's theory of income distribution, which reveals the opposition of three classes in capitalist society. But his limitation was that he believed that the decline in real wages of workers was due to the growth of the population. At the same time, Ricardo clearly pointed out that government rent (differential rent) was the result of price rather than the cause, which was his important contribution to the theory of land rent. However, because he confused the natural price with the value, he only admitted the existence of differential rent and denied the existence of absolute land rent, which caused his theory of land rent to fall into a dilemma. Marx's theory of income distribution openly reveals that income categories such as profits, which exist in the form of ambiguity in classical political economy, are deductions from labor products. It has the nature of "surplus" possession, that is, surplus value, and overcomes the defects of Ricardo's theory of income distribution, and realizes the logical correspondence of the determining mechanism between distribution and value. This paper reveals the exploitative relationship embodied in the distribution process and the class interest conflict caused by it. Through analysis, it is found that Marx's income distribution theory is more scientific than Ricardo's. The essence of the doctrine of distribution, That is, the capitalists occupy the surplus value created by the laborer. (2) the paper discusses the development trend of the income distribution with the viewpoint of the relation development) and puts forward the general law of the distribution development accurately. This paper discusses the theoretical significance and practical value of Marx's income distribution theory in the process of economic and social development in contemporary China, combining with the background of China's current economic system reform. The problems and reasons in the current reform of income distribution system in China are also analyzed. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward: 1) stick to the principle of "people-oriented" 2) optimize the ownership structure 3) increase the proportion of workers' remuneration in national income 4) clarify the relationship of income distribution and standardize the order of income distribution 5) strengthen the government. The role of redistribution.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7
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本文编号：1549424