基于经济伦理学视角的房价波动收入分配效应分析

发布时间：2018-03-03 18:09

本文选题：经济伦理　切入点：房价波动　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从1998年房地产市场改革，由住房的实物分配转换为货币化分配以来，我国房地产行业快速发展，已经成为支柱产业。随着经济水平的不断提高、居民可支配收入提高和财政和税收政策的倾斜，房地产价格持续高涨。国家统计局的数据显示，2013年上海的住房均价达到了28672元/平方米，过高的房价增加了贷款买房者的还贷压力，也使得无房者“望房兴叹”。近年来国家频频实行各种房地产调控政策，房价却越调越高，部分区域的房价出现了反复波动的现象。与此同时，我国的基尼系数几乎伴随着房地产价格同步增长，同时部分国民收入分配向高收入阶层倾斜。房地产是家庭的重要财产，其带来的收入是家庭财产性收入的重要来源。房地产价格的波动使得有房者越来越富，无房者越来越穷，财产不平等程度不断加深。本文依据中国统计局数据和各省统计年鉴，利用2002-2011年30个省份的面板数据进行实证分析，选取城乡收入差距作为收入差距的代理变量，研究了房地产价格波动对于收入差距的影响程度，然后利用固定效应和随机效应模型进行实证分析。结果发现，房地产价格波动的收入分配效应拉大了我国的收入差距，收入分配越来越向高收入阶层倾斜。政府财政支出的增加以及对外开放程度的提高在一定程度上能够缩小收入差距，但是社会保障和就业的支出却形成了“逆调节”，这与我国社会保障制度的发展体制有关。收入分配不仅仅是一个经济问题，更是一个较为复杂的社会伦理问题，仅仅从经济效益的角度去分析当前的收入分配问题是不够的，还应该运用经济伦理学的标准对目前的收入分配格局做出正确的判断，不断改善我国收入分配状况。我国目前房地产市场中存在收入分配不均状况，这违背了经济伦理学中的公平正义、义利皆重、社会责任等原则。最后根据研究结果，笔者从房地产价格波动和缩小收入分配差距、较少房价波动收入分配效应这些方面提出政策建议。由于投机性需求是促使房地产价格波动的重要因素，因此各级政府要积极采取财税和信贷政策，比如开征房产税等，以此抑制投机性需求保护居民的消费性需求。同时加大保障房的建设，特别是经济适用房和廉租房等，保障低收入群体的基本生活权利，，积极改善他们的收入水平。最后，要调整我国的收入分配格局，防止一部分群众通过房价上涨获取的财产性收入增加过快，全面提高劳动力报酬在收入分配中的比重，力求建立公平公正的收入分配制度，抑制房价波动的收入分配效应过大。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the real estate market in 1998, the real estate industry in our country has developed rapidly and become a pillar industry. With the increase in disposable income and the slant fiscal and tax policies, real estate prices continue to rise. In 2013, the average housing price in Shanghai reached 28672 yuan per square meter, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. The excessive housing prices have increased the pressure on loan buyers to repay their loans, and have also made people without houses look forward to housing. In recent years, the state has frequently implemented various real estate control policies, but the price of house prices has increased. At the same time, the Gini coefficient of our country is almost accompanied by the increase of real estate prices, while the distribution of national income is inclined to the high-income class. Real estate is an important property of the family. The income it brings is the important source of the family property income. The fluctuation of real estate price makes the homeowner richer and poorer, and the degree of property inequality deepening. Based on the data of China Bureau of Statistics and the statistical yearbooks of various provinces, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2011 to carry out empirical analysis, and selects the urban-rural income gap as the proxy variable of income gap. This paper studies the influence of real estate price fluctuation on the income gap, and then uses the fixed effect and stochastic effect model to make empirical analysis. The results show that the income distribution effect of real estate price fluctuation widens the income gap in China. The income distribution is more and more inclined to the high-income class. The increase in government expenditure and the increase in the degree of opening to the outside world can, to a certain extent, narrow the income gap. However, the expenditure on social security and employment has formed a "reverse adjustment", which is related to the development system of China's social security system. Income distribution is not only an economic issue, but also a more complex social ethical issue. It is not enough to analyze the current income distribution problem from the angle of economic benefit. We should also use the standard of economic ethics to make a correct judgment on the current income distribution pattern. We are constantly improving the income distribution in our country. There is an uneven income distribution in the real estate market in our country, which violates the principles of fairness and justice in economic ethics, justice and profit, social responsibility, etc. Finally, according to the research results, The author puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of real estate price fluctuation and narrowing the income distribution gap and reducing the income distribution effect of house price fluctuation. Because speculative demand is an important factor to promote the real estate price fluctuation, Therefore, governments at all levels should actively adopt fiscal, tax and credit policies, such as levying property taxes, in order to curb speculative demand and protect the consumer demand of residents. At the same time, they should step up the construction of indemnificatory apartment, in particular comfortable housing and low-rent housing, and so on. Protect the basic living rights of low-income groups and actively improve their income levels. Finally, we should adjust the pattern of income distribution in our country and prevent some people from increasing their property income too quickly through rising house prices. To increase the proportion of labor compensation in income distribution, to establish a fair and just system of income distribution, and to restrain the excessive effect of income distribution due to the fluctuation of house prices.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.23;F124.7

【参考文献】