美国科技革命的隐蔽基础:一个理论经济学的分析框架

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:39

本文选题：美国科技革命　切入点：国家计划性投资　出处：《天府新论》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文试图解构国家、市场和科技革命的关系。正统经济学对国家角色的理解限定在"修复"市场失灵,至多承认"基础科学研究"的高外溢性使私人部门投资不足,并认为此时国家投资才是正当的。然而,经济史的研究揭示,美国科技革命是国家计划性投资全新未知领域整个创新链条(基础研究、应用研究以及为创新企业提供高风险的长期融资)的结果。非正统经济学提出"市场塑形/市场创造理论",认为国家可以创造市场,而绝不仅仅是修复市场。私人部门只是在新市场已经创造出来以后才进入。自由竞争促进技术进步存在着天然的界限,即"已投资资本贬值"与"技术进步引致的成本削减"之间的对比关系。在后者不足以抵消前者的场合,有能力控制价格、阻止其他厂商进入的寡头就会倾向于避免已投资资本的贬值,阻碍技术进步。解决困境的途径是,一个跨越私人寡头局部利益的组织,即国家,以联合的总资本的身份执行生产和投资。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to deconstruct the relationship between the state, the market and the technological revolution. Orthodox economics defines the role of the state in terms of "fixing" market failures and, at best, acknowledging that the high spillover of "basic scientific research" has underinvested the private sector. However, the research of economic history reveals that the American science and technology revolution is the whole chain of innovation (basic research) in the new unknown field of national planned investment. The results of applied research and high-risk long-term financing for innovative firms. "Market shaping / market creation theory" is developed by unorthodox economics, which states that countries can create markets. It is not just fixing the market. The private sector enters only after new markets have been created. There is a natural boundary between free competition and technological progress. The contrast between "devaluing the invested capital" and "cost-cutting due to technological progress." where the latter is not enough to offset the former, it has the ability to control prices. Oligarchs who block the entry of other firms tend to avoid the depreciation of invested capital and hinder technological progress. The solution to this dilemma is a group that transcends the local interests of private oligarchs, that is, the state, Execute production and investment as combined total capital.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“科学发展观与转变经济发展方式研究”(编号:13JJ790037)的阶段性成果国家留学基金资助
【分类号】：F171.2

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