我国土地财政对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 16:50

本文选题：土地财政　切入点：城乡收入差距　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2000年以来,我国土地财政规模迅速扩大,巨额的土地财政收入大部分被用于城市建设及招商引资竞争中,表现出显著的城市偏向性。伴随着土地财政规模的日益壮大,我国当前城乡收入差距也呈不断扩大趋势,如果将住房、医疗、教育等公共产品考虑进去,实际城乡收入差距还会更大。土地财政具有显著的城市偏向性是我国城镇化过程中城乡收入差距快速拉大的重要原因,但鲜有文献对土地财政与城乡收入差距的关系进行系统研究,因此,对两者的关系进行系统研究,对于解决我国现阶段的土地财政问题,缩小城乡收入差距具有重要意义。本文在当前我国土地财政规模日益扩大的背景下,分析土地财政的壮大与城乡收入差距的扩大两者之间存在的内在联系。在理论部分,本文基于土地财政与城乡收入差距的动态相关特征,研究土地财政对城乡居民收入的影响,分别从土地财政产生的原因、效应及与地方政府之间的关系三个方面进行了系统梳理,基于城镇化与土地财政城市偏向特征关联性,从土地交易市场、房地产市场、政府视角三个维度对土地财政与城乡收入差距的影响机理进行分析。在实证部分,先对土地财政和城乡收入差距的历史演变与区域对比进行分析,然后选取2000-2014年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)作为样本,通过构建省级面板数据回归模型定量分析土地财政对城乡收入差距的影响程度。实证结果分析表明:土地财政对城乡收入差距的影响是正向的,即随着土地财政规模的发展,城乡居民收入差距不断扩大,地方政府快速推进城镇化导致的土地财政城市偏向特征使得城乡居民收入水平差距逐步拉大,土地财政与基础设施投资交互项显著为负,表明土地财政通过基础设施建设可以缩小城乡居民收入差距。分地区的数据实证揭示,土地财政对城乡收入差距的正向促进关系呈现显著的区域异质性,东部地区土地财政对城乡收入差距的扩大效应小于中部地区,西部地区效果不显著,导致中部地区城乡收入差距过大的原因除土地财政外投资水平的高低和人力资本的差异也是拉大城乡收入差距的重要因素,且人力资本的城乡差异在中部地区影响最大。最后从解决土地财政城市偏向性特征的角度提出缓解各地区城乡收入差距的相关政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, the scale of land finance in our country has expanded rapidly, and the huge revenue of land finance is mostly used in the competition of city construction and attracting investment, which shows remarkable urban bias. With the development of the scale of land finance, the scale of land finance is expanding day by day. The current income gap between urban and rural areas in China is also increasing. If we take housing, health care, education and other public goods into account, The real urban-rural income gap will be even larger. The significant urban bias of land finance is an important reason for the rapid widening of urban-rural income gap in the process of urbanization in China. However, there are few literatures on the relationship between land finance and income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between land finance and income gap between urban and rural areas has been carried out to solve the problems of land finance at the present stage of our country. It is of great significance to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. Under the background of the increasing scale of land finance in China, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the expansion of land finance and the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the dynamic correlation between land finance and urban-rural income gap, this paper studies the impact of land finance on urban and rural residents' income. Based on the relationship between urbanization and land finance city bias, the relationship between land transaction market and real estate market is analyzed. In the empirical part, the author analyzes the historical evolution and regional comparison of land finance and urban-rural income gap. Then from 2000 to 2014, 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) were selected as samples, Through the construction of provincial panel data regression model to quantitatively analyze the impact of land finance on urban-rural income gap. The empirical results show that: the impact of land finance on urban-rural income gap is positive, that is, with the development of land finance scale. The income gap between urban and rural residents continues to expand, the local governments rapidly promote urbanization resulting in the characteristics of land finance city bias, the income level gap between urban and rural residents is gradually widening, and the interaction between land finance and infrastructure investment is significantly negative. It shows that land finance can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents through infrastructure construction. The data from different regions reveal that the positive promoting relationship of land finance to urban-rural income gap shows significant regional heterogeneity. The effect of land finance on urban-rural income gap in the eastern region is smaller than that in the central region, but the effect in the western region is not significant. In addition to the land finance, the level of investment and the difference in human capital are also important factors in widening the urban-rural income gap. The difference of human capital between urban and rural areas is the most important in the central region. Finally, from the perspective of solving the urban bias characteristics of land finance, the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions to alleviate the urban-rural income gap in various regions.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.7;F812

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