中国贫困的动态多维度测量

发布时间：2018-03-25 14:36

本文选题：多维贫困　切入点：公理化标准　出处：《五邑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：首先,本文简要回顾了贫困概念的演进历程,从最初的绝对贫困和相对贫困,到能力贫困,再到关于个体或家庭脆弱性的权力贫困,以及涵盖了政治、文化方面的社会排斥。不难看出,随着经济和社会的不断变化,学术界对贫困内涵的界定,也经历了一个连续不断发生的从低级向高级,从单维向多维,从静态到动态的逐步的深化、广化和精细化的过程。其次,文章搜集、整理了描述个体或家庭贫困测度的多维贫困指数,如Watts多维贫困指数、Hagenaars多维贫困指数、Tsui多维贫困指数,以及MPI多维贫困指数、能力贫困指数、人类贫困指数和人文发展指数等。可以看出,基于公理化和非公理化标准构建的多维贫困指数有其各自的优缺点、适用性和局限性,且没有完全符合所有标准的贫困指数。为了力争接近现实,获得“满意”的研究结论,文章从中选取了国际通用的MPI多维贫困指数作为研究的理论基础,同时拓展了维度幅度,增加了衡量家庭或个体收入信息的人均收入指标,将原来的三个维度增加到四个维度共11项指标,克服了大部分文献指标维度量较少的缺陷。最后,在实证部分,文章以CHNS中1989—2009年数据为研究基础,采用收入、教育、健康和生活水平四个方面的数据指标,结合主成分分析法,测算了转型时期中国城市和农村的贫困程度,以及中国中部、西部、东部和东北部地区9个省份的收入贫困发生率、多维贫困深度和贫困贡献率比率。研究结果表明：多维贫困的下降幅度超过了单一的收入贫困的下降幅度；农村贫困无论是从收入还是多维角度来看,均较严重,一直是中国贫困的主体,但城乡之间的贫困差距已从收入因素转变为非收入的福利因素；四个维度上的指标贫困发生率差异明显,贫困的主要致因已从早期的卫生设施、医疗保险、受教育年限和人均收入指标,转变为目前的卫生设施和受教育年限因素：就具有代表性的9省的贫困状况而言,河南、贵州和广西三省贫困贡献度比重较大,贫困程度较深；减贫效果方面,湖北和湖南较为显著,优于东部经济发展较好的地区。因此,反贫困政策要从单一的收入视角转向多维视角,尤其是将扶贫工作重点向农村教育、卫生设施和医疗保障方向倾斜,并进一步关注地区间贫困人口的福利差距。全面非均衡或有选择性的扶贫政策,是最终消除当前中国“多元化”福利贫困的关键。
[Abstract]:First of all, this paper briefly reviews the evolution of the concept of poverty, from the initial absolute and relative poverty, to capacity poverty, to power poverty about the vulnerability of individuals or families, and covers politics. Cultural social exclusion. It is not difficult to see that with the constant changes of economy and society, the definition of poverty in academic circles has also experienced a continuous process from lower to higher, from single dimension to multidimensional. Secondly, the paper collects and arranges the multidimensional poverty index describing individual or family poverty measurement, such as Watts multidimensional poverty index, Hagenaars multidimensional poverty index and Tsui multidimensional poverty index. And the multi-dimensional poverty index of MPI, capacity poverty index, human poverty index and human development index, etc. It can be seen that the multidimensional poverty index based on axiomatic and non-axiomatic criteria has its own advantages and disadvantages, applicability and limitations. In order to get the conclusion of "satisfactory", the paper selects the international MPI multi-dimensional poverty index as the theoretical basis and expands the dimension range. The index of income per capita is added to measure the information of household or individual income, and the original three dimensions are increased to four dimensions, which is 11 indexes, which overcomes the defect of the small quantity of most literature indexes. Finally, in the empirical part, based on the data from 1989 to 2009 in CHNS, the paper adopts four data indicators, income, education, health and living standard, and combines principal component analysis. The degree of urban and rural poverty in China during the transition period and the incidence of income poverty in nine provinces in the central, western, eastern and northeastern regions of China were measured. The results show that the decline of multidimensional poverty is greater than that of single income poverty, and that rural poverty is more serious in terms of both income and income. The poverty gap between urban and rural areas has changed from income factor to non-income welfare factor. The incidence of poverty in the four dimensions is obviously different, and the main cause of poverty has changed from the early health facilities. Medical insurance, the index of years of schooling and per capita income, has been transformed into the current health facilities and factors of length of education: in terms of poverty in the representative nine provinces, the three provinces of Henan, Guizhou and Guangxi contribute a large proportion of the poverty. The degree of poverty is deep, the effect of poverty reduction in Hubei and Hunan is more remarkable, which is better than that in the areas with better economic development in the east. Therefore, the anti-poverty policy should change from a single income perspective to a multidimensional perspective. In particular, focusing poverty alleviation efforts on rural education, health facilities and health care, and paying further attention to the welfare gap among the poor in different regions. Comprehensive, unbalanced or selective poverty alleviation policies, It is the key to the elimination of the current China's "pluralistic" welfare poverty.
【学位授予单位】：五邑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126

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