人力资本积累、企业创新与中等收入陷阱

发布时间：2018-04-01 22:26

本文选题：人力资本　切入点：企业创新　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年05期

【摘要】：中国经济长期向好的基本面虽未改变,但2010年以来经济增速不断回落,一些阻碍经济可持续发展的不利因素不断积累,落入"中等收入陷阱"的风险有所上升。揭示中等收入陷阱的产生机制,显然对于政府形成规避中等收入陷阱的有效政策具有重要意义。本文根据社会再生产理论,建立了"世代交叠"模型,对中等收入陷阱的产生机制作出理论解释,并运用中国1998—2014年各地区经济数据进行了验证,结果表明:(1)人力资本积累和企业创新会在不同程度上促进经济增长,并且二者存在协同效应;(2)上中等层次人力资本积累与企业创新的协同效应可以带动经济增长;(3)下中等层次人力资本与企业创新的协同效应对经济增长的作用不显著。这意味着现阶段中国经济发展不仅应注重人力资本量的积累,更要保证质的提升。基于此,应从下三个方面着手推动中国经济实现中高速增长:(1)着力提升科技创新能力,科学构建产权保护法律体系,促进形成企业家倡导企业科研创新的机制,激发企业创新的主观能动性,维护创新企业对于运用和转让科研成果的合法权益;(2)着力培育高素质人才的教育体系,稳步提升高等教育入学率和办学质量,鼓励教育培训机构适度创新,推动培训方式项目化,针对岗位需求扩充劳动者知识和技术储备;(3)着力降低初中及以下人口的规模与比例,延长义务教育年限,鼓励优质教育资源向不发达地区适度转移,关注偏远地区贫困人群的入学情况,努力为穷人提供公平发展的机会。
[Abstract]:Although the fundamentals of China's economy have not changed for a long time, the growth rate of the Chinese economy has been declining since 2010, and some unfavorable factors that hinder the sustainable development of the economy have been accumulating. The risk of falling into the middle income trap has increased. It is of great significance for the government to form an effective policy to avoid the middle income trap. According to the theory of social reproduction, it is of great significance to reveal the mechanism of the middle income trap. In this paper, the "overlapping generations" model is established to explain the mechanism of the middle-income trap in theory, and it is verified by using the regional economic data of China from 1998 to 2014. The results show that human capital accumulation and enterprise innovation can promote economic growth in varying degrees. The synergistic effect of human capital accumulation and enterprise innovation on the middle level can promote economic growth. (3) the synergy effect between medium level human capital and enterprise innovation has no obvious effect on economic growth. This means that at this stage, China's economic development should not only focus on the accumulation of human capital, Based on this, we should start from the following three aspects to promote China's economy to achieve high speed growth: 1) strive to enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, and scientifically build a legal system for property rights protection. To promote the formation of a mechanism for entrepreneurs to advocate scientific research and innovation in enterprises, to stimulate the subjective initiative of enterprises in innovation, and to safeguard the legal rights and interests of innovative enterprises in the use and transfer of scientific research achievements. We will steadily improve the enrollment rate and the quality of higher education, encourage educational and training institutions to innovate moderately, promote project-based training methods, and expand the knowledge and technical reserves of workers to meet the job demand.) We will strive to reduce the scale and proportion of the population in junior middle schools and below. We should extend the number of years of compulsory education, encourage the appropriate transfer of high-quality educational resources to underdeveloped areas, pay attention to the enrolment of poor people in remote areas, and strive to provide the poor with opportunities for equitable development.
【作者单位】：首都经济贸易大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“非法非正常收入形成的博弈机理及其对国民收入分配格局的影响研究”(批准号:13BJL033) 北京市人才强教“长城学者”培养计划首都经济贸易大学科研创新重点项目
【分类号】：F124.7;F249.2;F273.1

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