我国资本投资宏观效率及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:25

本文选题：投资 + 资本存量　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，投资极大地推动了我国经济增长。我国资本资源较劳动力和自然资源更为稀缺，在资本资源稀缺约束下，提高资本投资效率成为经济长期、可持续增长的充分条件。那么，中国资本投资的效率如何？环境约束对中国资本投资效率又产生了怎样的影响？对中国资本投资效率进行测算与客观评价，既是政府经济决策的基础，也是引导后续社会资本投入，加快转变经济增长方式，创新经济发展模式，提升经济增长质量的必要条件。本文在对国内外相关研究及理论进行回顾梳理的基础上，首先利用永续盘存法对我国整体及各省级单位的资本存量进行估计，对我国资本投资现状进行描述性分析；其次，分别就我国资本投资的效率及环境约束下的全要素资本效率进行测算；再次，对影响全要素资本效率的因素进行实证分析与检验；最后，就提高我国资本效率的对策进行探讨。本研究得出如下基本结论。第一，我国资本存量及固定资产投资均呈逐年持续增长趋势；我国城乡、各产业及各区域固定资产投资均逐年增加，但存在显著城乡、产业及区域差异。第二，我国整体和城乡、三次产业及各区域投资率均呈不断上升趋势，，资本效率均呈下降趋势，但城乡间、各产业与各区域间资本效率存在显著差异。第三，无论有无环境约束，中国均存在大量无效资本投入，且资本效率整体偏低；东部资本效率及资本利用技术水平最高，中部和东北最低且呈下降趋势，无效资本量最大；资本效率较高的省份主要集中在东部。无环境约束下，群组前沿的资本效率均高于共同前沿，且西部资本效率最低。有环境约束下，群组和共同前沿下整体、东部和西部资本效率均有所改善，但仍偏低；中部和东北资本效率及资本利用技术水平均显著下降，西部则大幅提升。第四，无论有无环境约束下，金融发展、市场化水平和人力资本对资本效率具有积极影响，第二产业比重对资本效率具有消极影响，财政支出对资本效率的影响不显著。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, investment has greatly promoted China's economic growth.Capital resources are more scarce than labor and natural resources in our country. Under the constraint of capital resources scarcity, improving the efficiency of capital investment becomes a sufficient condition for the long-term and sustainable growth of economy.So, what is the efficiency of Chinese capital investment?What is the impact of environmental constraints on the efficiency of Chinese capital investment?To measure and evaluate the efficiency of Chinese capital investment is not only the basis of the government's economic decision-making, but also the basis of guiding the subsequent social capital investment, accelerating the transformation of the economic growth mode and innovating the economic development model.Necessary conditions for improving the quality of economic growth.On the basis of reviewing relevant research and theories at home and abroad, this paper first estimates the capital stock of the whole and provincial units of our country by using the method of perpetual inventory, and then analyzes the present situation of capital investment in China.The efficiency of capital investment and environmental constraints of the total factor capital efficiency are measured; thirdly, the factors that affect the total factor capital efficiency are empirically analyzed and tested; finally, the countermeasures to improve the capital efficiency are discussed.The basic conclusions of this study are as follows.Firstly, the capital stock and fixed asset investment in China are increasing year by year, and the fixed assets investment in urban and rural areas, industries and regions are increasing year by year, but there are significant differences between urban and rural areas, industries and regions.Second, the investment rate of the three industries and regions in our country is on the rise and the capital efficiency is decreasing, but there are significant differences between urban and rural areas and between industries and regions.Third, whether or not there are environmental constraints, there are a large number of invalid capital investment in China, and the overall capital efficiency is on the low side, the capital efficiency and capital utilization technology level is the highest in the east, the lowest and downward trend is in the middle and northeast, and the amount of invalid capital is the largest.The provinces with higher capital efficiency are concentrated in the east.Without environmental constraints, the capital efficiency of group frontier is higher than that of common frontier, and the capital efficiency of western region is the lowest.Under the constraint of environment, the capital efficiency of eastern and western regions has improved, but it is still low, while the capital efficiency and capital utilization technology level of central and northeast regions have decreased significantly, while that of western regions has been greatly improved.Fourth, financial development, market-oriented level and human capital have positive influence on capital efficiency, secondary industry proportion has negative influence on capital efficiency, and financial expenditure has no significant effect on capital efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124

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