北京市资本主义工商业社会主义改造研究（1949-1956）

发布时间：2018-05-03 03:17

本文选题：资本主义工商业 + 社会主义改造　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪五十年代,发生在我国的资本主义工商业社会主义改造,是中国共产党建设社会主义实践中的一页光辉篇章,也是我党对马克思主义理论的成功继承、运用和发展,通过“利用、限制和改造”资本主义工商业,实现了生产资料由私有制向公有制的转变。北京作为当时全国率先完成资本主义工商业改造的城市,很多工作方法都起到典范作用。因此本文希望通过对北京市资本主义工商业改造的区域化研究来展现这一历史变革的大致进程,同时在总结其得与失的基础上,为促进我国现阶段非公有制经济的健康发展提供一些借鉴。1949年中国共产党接管北京市后,一方面通过没收官僚资本建立国营经济,同时通过签订劳资合同、增加贷款、加工订货等政策扶植资本主义工商业恢复和发展,增强了国民经济的力量;另一方面,通过统一市场货币、打击投机资本家、开展“五反”运动等政策和措施限制资本主义工商业的负面影响,巩固了国营经济的领导地位,为后期对资本主义工商业改造奠定了基础。1953年过渡时期总路线颁布后,北京市先通过扩大加工订货、统购包销范围,使资本主义工商业逐步纳入国家资本主义中;而后通过公私合营实现对资本主义工商业的改造;并在这一过程中注重对资方人员的思想教育和工作安排,使其转变为自食其力的劳动者。此外,本文还考察了同仁堂改造过程中资本家心理状态的转变,以及其公私合营的具体过程和方法,从微观角度略窥了北京市资本主义工商业改造的全貌。本文最后着重对于北京市资本主义工商业改造的经验教训进行总结。这场社会变革总体上是成功的,其从实践上丰富和发展了科学社会主义,转变了生产关系并促进生产力发展,同时还将资本家改造成为自食其力的劳动者。但是由于时间一再缩短,使得改造过程中部分工作统筹规划不到位,给市民生产、生活造成不便;对资本家的阶级划分以及后期工作安排也存在些偏差。这些得失从正反两方面为现阶段我国非公有制经济发展提供启示:第一我们应正确看待社会主义制度下的非公有制经济;第二我党在制定非公有制经政策时,应坚持普遍真理与具体实践相结合;第三我国应通过加强思想宣传教育引导非公有制企业健康发展。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s, the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce that took place in our country was a glorious chapter in the practice of the Communist Party of China in building socialism, and it was also our party's successful inheritance, application and development of Marxist theory. By "utilizing, restricting and reforming" capitalist industry and commerce, the transformation of means of production from private ownership to public ownership has been realized. Beijing, as the country's first to complete the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce at that time, many working methods have played a role model. Therefore, this paper hopes to show the general process of this historical change by studying the regionalization of capitalist industrial and commercial transformation in Beijing, and at the same time, on the basis of summing up its gains and losses, In order to promote the healthy development of the non-public ownership economy in our country at this stage, we can provide some reference. After the Communist Party of China took over Beijing in 1949, on the one hand, it set up a state-owned economy by confiscating bureaucratic capital, and at the same time, it increased loans by signing labor contracts. Policies such as processing and ordering supported the recovery and development of capitalist industry and commerce, and strengthened the strength of the national economy; on the other hand, by unifying the market currency and cracking down on speculative capitalists, Policies and measures to limit the negative impact of capitalist industry and commerce, such as carrying out the "five evils" campaign, consolidated the leading position of the state-owned economy and laid the foundation for the later transformation of capitalist industry and commerce. After the promulgation of the general line for the transitional period in 1953, In Beijing, the capitalist industry and commerce are gradually brought into the state capitalism by expanding the processing and ordering, and then the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce is realized through public-private joint venture. And in this process, pay attention to the ideological education and working arrangement of the management personnel, so as to transform them into self-supporting workers. In addition, this paper also examines the change of the capitalists' psychological state in the course of the transformation of Tongrentang, and the concrete process and methods of its public-private joint venture, and gives a brief view of the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in Beijing from the microscopic point of view. In the end, the paper summarizes the experience and lessons of capitalist industrial and commercial transformation in Beijing. This social change is successful in general, which enriches and develops scientific socialism in practice, transforms productive relations and promotes the development of productive forces, and transforms capitalists into self-supporting laborers. However, due to the shortening of time, part of the overall planning of work in the process of transformation is not in place, causing inconvenience to the production and living of the citizens, and there are also some deviations to the class division of capitalists and the later working arrangements. These gains and losses provide enlightenment for the development of China's non-public economy at this stage from the positive and negative aspects: first, we should correctly look at the non-public economy under the socialist system; second, when our party formulates the non-public economic policy, We should stick to the combination of universal truth and concrete practice. Third, we should strengthen ideological propaganda and education to guide the healthy development of non-public enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F129

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