我国中等收入家庭收入差距影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-18 09:00

本文选题：中等收入家庭 + 收入差距　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济高速增长,居民收入快速增长,但是居民收入差距不断扩大。为解决居民收入差距问题,十八大提出了 "调高、扩中、提低"政策,"扩中'"就是扩大中等收入群体,其具有必要性与时代性,扩大中等收入群体既可以跨越中等收入陷阱,也可以推动经济更快更好发展,由此解决中等收入群体收入差距问题刻不容缓。目前国内学者对其研究很少,对其背后的影响因素与影响机制也没有形成一个完善的体系,本文以家庭为研究对象,从全新的视角研究中等收入群体收入差距影响机制。为了对中等收入家庭收入差距影响因素进行系统的认识,本文对其影响因素进行宏微观角度分析。宏观方面采用线性回归与Jenkins分解两种模型探究经济增长与经济结构调整因子、政府制度因子、就业情况三方面因素讨论其影响的力度与方向。微观方面采用基于分位数回归的M-M分解探究城乡、区域各个收入段的家庭收入变动及其影响因素。本文基于CHNS数据,宏观方面得出:经济增长与经济结构调整对缩小中等收入家庭收入差距没有起到一定的作用;市场化程度有待改善;行业的收入差距是导致中等收入家庭收入差距的重要因素;缩小中等收入家庭收入差距的有效手段是减小失业。从Jenkins分解模型得出中等收入家庭收入变动来源中主要是残差效应(异质性群体),其次是均值效应(经济增长),最后是方差效应(不平等程度);异质性群体、经济增长、不平等促使高收入家庭出现分化,对低收入家庭作用不大,也就是说在异质性群体的高收入区域中,由于不平等因素的存在促使大量集中于这一收入区间的中等收入家庭的高收入区域更加分散。微观方面得出:对于城乡中低收入家庭,提高其家庭成员受教育程度,控制家庭人口数,可以有效的提高其家庭收入,而对于城乡中高收入家庭,工作经验的提升、区域的差异、家庭人口的规模对其家庭收入没多大影响;城乡高收入家庭的收入差距比中低收入家庭更大。对于我国东部、中部、西部中等收入家庭,受教育程度对东部中等收入家庭影响不大,而对中部、西部中等收入家庭影响显著,即中部、西部中等收入家庭提高其家庭成员受教育程度可以有效提高其家庭收入;家庭成员的平均年龄、工作经验对东部、中部、西部中等收入家庭收入影响不大;城乡的不同对东部中低收入家庭影响较大,对中高收入家庭影响不大,城乡的不同对中部、西部中低收入家庭影响不大,对中部中高收入家庭影响越来越大;对于东部、中部、西部中低收入家庭控制人口数可以有效提高其家庭收入,中高收入家庭人口数的规模对其家庭收入影响不大;东部、中部、西部中高收入家庭收入差距比中低收入家庭更大。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has grown rapidly and the income of residents has increased rapidly, but the income gap of residents has been widening. In order to solve the problem of income gap among residents, the 18th National Congress put forward the policy of "increasing the income, expanding the middle and raising the low". "expanding the middle" means expanding the middle income group, which is necessary and contemporary, and the expansion of the middle income group can not only overcome the middle income trap, but also expand the income of the middle income group. Can also promote faster and better economic development, thus solving the income gap between middle-income groups without delay. At present, there is little research on it by domestic scholars, and there is not a perfect system of influencing factors and influencing mechanism behind it. This paper takes the family as the research object and studies the influence mechanism of income gap of middle income group from a new perspective. In order to understand the influence factors of middle income family income gap, this paper analyzes the influencing factors from macro and micro angle. In macroscopical aspect, the factors of economic growth and economic structure adjustment, government system and employment are discussed in terms of linear regression and Jenkins decomposition. In micro aspect, M-M decomposition based on quantile regression was used to explore the change of household income and its influencing factors in urban and rural areas. Based on the data of CHNS, this paper concludes that economic growth and economic structure adjustment have not played a certain role in narrowing the income gap of middle-income households, and the degree of marketization needs to be improved. The industry income gap is an important factor leading to the income gap of middle income families, and the effective means to narrow the income gap of middle income families is to reduce unemployment. From the Jenkins decomposition model, it is concluded that the main sources of income change in middle-income households are residual effect (heterogeneity group), followed by mean effect (economic growth, variance effect, heterogeneity group, economic growth). Inequality divides high-income families and has little impact on low-income families, that is, in high-income regions of heterogeneous groups, Due to the existence of inequality, the high-income regions of middle-income families concentrated in this income range are much more dispersed. Micro aspect: for urban and rural low- and middle-income families, to improve their family members' education level, control the number of families, can effectively improve their family income, but for urban and rural high-income families, work experience, Regional differences, the size of the household population has little impact on household income; the income gap between urban and rural high-income households is greater than that of low- and middle-income families. For the middle income families in the east, middle and west of China, the education level has little effect on the middle income families in the east, but it has a significant impact on the middle income families in the middle and the west, that is, the middle part. The average age and work experience of the middle income family members have little influence on the income of the middle income families in the east, the middle and the west regions, and the average age of the family members and their work experience have little influence on the income of the middle income families in the east, the middle and the west. The differences between urban and rural areas have a greater impact on middle and low income families in the east, but not on middle and high income families. The differences between urban and rural areas have little impact on middle and low income families in the west, and more influence on middle and high income families in the central region; in the east, in the middle, in the middle, The size of middle and high income families has little effect on their household income, while the income gap of middle and high income families in the east, middle and west regions is larger than that of low and middle income families.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.7

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