朝韩经贸合作研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 12:26

  本文选题：朝韩经贸合作 + 经济互补性　； 参考：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：朝鲜和韩国由于战争被迫分裂成为两个国家,在政治经济军事上都处于长期分裂。朝韩为了达到朝鲜半岛的统一,建国初期采取军事上的武力统一手段,给两国都带来战争的创伤之后,纷纷致力于发展国内经济,进而缓和两国政治上的对立,希望通过经济上的紧密联系达到最终和平统一。上个世纪80年代开始,朝韩两国政府都提出和平统一半岛的方案,积极交流和对话。1988年,韩国政府对朝推行宽松的"对朝政策",并发表《争取民族自尊和统一繁荣的特别宣言》(即《7 ·7特别宣言》)。1989年韩国开始有部分民间企业与朝鲜通过香港进行间接贸易,成功开展朝韩之间的第一次贸易。在此背景下,朝韩经济合作的帷幕正式拉开。朝韩经贸合作发展至今历经近30年,贸易额逐步增长,贸易形式呈多样化趋势,贸易紧密程度逐渐加深,取得了一定的成绩。本文将朝韩经贸合作大致划分为三个阶段:一、上个世纪90年代,朝韩经贸合作的开端;二、1998年-2007年,朝韩经贸合作的发展;三、2008年至今,朝韩经贸合作的衰退。这样划分的原因主要基于朝韩政治因素,1998年之后和2008年之后,韩国政府分别对朝鲜采取"阳光政策"和强硬态度,直接影响了朝韩经贸往来的进程。朝韩经贸往来主要有商业性贸易和非商业性贸易,其中商业性贸易包括一般贸易、委托加工、经济合作等,非商业性贸易以韩国对朝援助为主。朝韩两国经贸合作的顺利开展,除了政治因素外,主要得益于两国经济的高度互补性。韩国具有丰厚的资本和先进的技术,但国内资源缺乏、劳动力成本高。朝鲜经济发展水平相对落后,具有丰富的矿产资源、劳动力成本低,但缺乏资本和技术。两国经济资源的互补性为两国经贸合作快速发展提供了有利条件,韩国在经济高速发展过程中高能耗的"夕阳产业"可以转移到朝鲜,利用朝鲜丰厚的自然资源和廉价的劳动力,实现产业转移。朝鲜在同韩国企业合作的同时,可以吸收先进的技术和资本,为国内经济发展注入新活力,从而逐渐发展经济。朝韩经贸往来在不同发展阶段具有不同的特征。朝韩贸易伊始,贸易额增长迅速,主要以一般贸易为主要形式。1995年以后,朝韩委托加工贸易不断扩大,与一般贸易和对朝援助成为朝韩经贸往来的三大主要贸易形式。2005年,朝韩经贸合作范围不断扩大,先后增设了开城工业园区和金刚山旅游合作区。2009年至2016年,开城工业园区成为朝韩经贸往来最主要的形式。朝韩经贸合作发展具有得天独厚的优势,如经济的高度互补性和同一民族的共通性,但是朝韩经贸合作存在较多问题。首先,朝韩经贸往来是在两国政府的主导下进行的,直接受两国政治关系影响。其次,朝韩经贸往来受制于朝韩经济制度的不同。再次,朝韩经贸合作中存在不稳定的因素。纵观朝韩经贸合作的历程,朝韩政治关系成为阻碍两国经贸往来的主要因素。尤其是2008年以后,朝核问题逐渐成为两国之间矛盾的核心问题。2016年之后,朝韩间除了固定的对朝援助之外暂停了其他的经贸往来。所以朝韩经贸合作的未来发展态势,相当一大部分取决于两国对待朝核问题上的态度。如果朝核问题进一步激化,两国间贸易难以正常发展。如果朝核问题得到妥善协商,两国经贸往来将会逐步恢复,成为两国之间的紧密联系的纽带。两国需要通过不断努力,摆脱经贸合作对政治的依赖,加快朝鲜对外开放的进程,增加基础设施的建设。
[Abstract]:North Korea and South Korea have been divided into two countries because of the war, and they are in a long split in the political economy and military. In order to achieve the unification of the Korean Peninsula, the Korean and the Koreas took the military uniform means of military force in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the war, they were committed to developing the domestic economy and then alleviated the political situation of the two countries. In the 80s of last century, the government of Korea and Korea put forward a plan for peaceful reunification of the peninsula, actively exchange and dialogue.1988, and the Korean government carried out a loose "policy towards the DPRK" and published a special declaration for national self-esteem and unity prosperity (<7. 7). In.1989, South Korea began to carry out the first trade between North Korea and North Korea through Hongkong through indirect trade between Korea and Korea. Under this background, the curtain of economic cooperation between Korea and Korea was officially opened. The trade cooperation of Korea and Korea has lasted for nearly 30 years, the trade volume has gradually increased, trade forms are diversified, trade is diversified, trade is diversified. The economic and trade cooperation between Korea and Korea is roughly divided into three stages: first, the beginning of the economic and trade cooperation between Korea and Korea in the 90s of last century; two, -2007 in 1998, the development of economic and trade cooperation between Korea and Korea; three, and the decline of Korea and Korea through 2008. The main reason for this division is mainly based on the politics of Korea and Korea. Factors, after 1998 and after 2008, the Korean government adopted the "sunshine policy" and a strong attitude towards the DPRK, which directly affected the process of economic and trade exchanges between the north and South Korea. The main trade trade between the north and South Korea has commercial trade and non-commercial trade, in which commercial trade includes general trade, entrusting processing, economic cooperation, and non commercial trade. South Korea is giving priority to aid to the DPRK. The smooth development of the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries is mainly due to the high complementarity of the two countries' economy. South Korea has rich capital and advanced technology, but the domestic resources are short and the labor cost is high. This is low, but lack of capital and technology. The complementarity of economic resources between the two countries provides favorable conditions for the rapid development of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. In the process of rapid economic development in Korea, the "sunset industry" of high energy consumption can be transferred to Korea, with the rich natural resources and cheap labor force of the DPRK to realize industrial transfer. At the same time, we can absorb advanced technology and capital, inject new vitality into the development of domestic economy, and gradually develop the economy. The Korean and Korean economic and trade exchanges have different characteristics at different stages of development. In the beginning of the Korean and Korean trade, the trade volume grew rapidly, and after the main form of general trade.1995 years, the Korean and Korean entrusted processing trade ceaselessly. With the expansion of the three major trade forms of trade and mutual aid to Korea and Korea in.2005, the scope of economic and trade cooperation between Korea and Korea continues to expand. The Kaesong industrial park and Mount Kumgang tourism cooperation zone have been added from.2009 to 2016. The Kaesong industrial park has become the most important form of trade and trade between Korea and Korea. With unique advantages, such as the high complementarity of the economy and the commonality of the same people, there are many problems in the economic and trade cooperation between Korea and Korea. First, the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries are carried out under the leadership of the two governments and are directly affected by the political relations between the two countries. Secondly, the economic and trade exchanges between Korea and Korea are subject to the differences between the Korean and Korean economic systems. In the course of Sino Korean economic and trade cooperation, the political relations between Korea and Korea have become the main factors that impede the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries. Especially after 2008, the Korean nuclear issue has gradually become the core issue of the contradiction between the two countries.2016 years later, the Korean and the ROK have suspended the other classics except for the fixed assistance to the DPRK. Therefore, a considerable part of the future development of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries depends on the attitude of the two countries on the Korean nuclear issue. If the nuclear issue is further intensified, the trade between the two countries is difficult to develop. If the nuclear issue is properly negotiated, the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries will gradually recover and become close ties between the two countries. The two countries need to work hard to get rid of the dependence of economic and trade cooperation on politics, speed up the process of opening up to the outside world and increase the construction of infrastructure.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F131.26;F131.2
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本文编号：1905829