基于城乡收入差距视角的辽宁省财政转移支付战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:27

本文选题：转移支付 + 收入差距　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,人民的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,城乡居民生活水平都有着显著地提高。但是由于资源在城乡之间的分配的不均,以及城乡内部的收入分配制度的不同,导致了城乡居民的收入差距越来越大。一定的收入差距会激励经济的发展,然而过大的收入差距则会有很多隐患,不仅会不利于经济的发展,也会对社会的稳定造成威胁。过大的收入差距会打消人们工作的积极性,会导致经济的消费倾向降低,会导致犯罪率升高,会出现很多问题。缩小收入差距,防止收入差距过大,不仅是我国面临的问题,也是一个世界性的难题。有关于实现收入分配公平研究,已经不仅仅是一个经济学问题,它俨然成了一个社会性的问题。这一现象引起了广大的学者的密切关注。研究收入差距的文献层出不穷的,但是研究角度,研究方法各有千秋,所以对于城乡下一步经济发展的看法也各有不同。这一问题的研究严重的影响着我国下一步经济的发展战略。所以多角度的研究收入差距的形成以及解决方法有着非常深远以及重大的理论意义。从1994年实行分税制以来,我国建立了一套财政转移支付体系,来平衡地方的财权和事权,来满足地方政府正常运行和提供公共服务。本文对我国现行的财政转移支付进行了介绍,介绍了转移支付的实质和定义,还有我国转移支付的基本形式。同时本文分析了收入差距和财政转移支付制度的相关理论,包括市场失灵理论,国民收入再分配理论以及市场效率与政府公平的权衡,通过对相关理论的分析,了解了我国出现收入差距的原因,以及转移支付应该在解决收入差距问题上发挥作用。本文还对相关学者的研究进行了回顾,了解到相关学者的研究角度及方向,对于本文的政策建议的提出,都起到了一定的作用。财政转移支付制度作为我国宏观调控的主要政策之一,对于调节收入分配公平有着重要的作用,它是在初次分配不平等后调节收入分配的非常重要的手段。但是转移支付在解决平衡问题上,还存在着很多问题,通过分析发现,由于城乡二元结构的存在,以及我国现有的城市指向的存在；还有现有财政转移支付政策在设计上存在的偏差,都会影响财政转移支付发挥其应有的效用。所以本文通过分析提出了相应的政策建议。本文从对辽宁省财政转移支付作用分析入手,分析了辽宁省财政转移支付现状以及辽宁省城乡收入差距的现状,分析了转移支付对缩小收入差距发挥的作用以及存在的问题。接下来对辽宁省利用财政转移支付解决城乡收入差距的战略环境进行了分析,分别分析了辽宁省的政策变化,城乡人口结构以及辽宁省的城乡经济环境,在此基础上提出了辽宁省在解决城乡收入差距问题上,所面临的机遇与挑战。并且在参考国外对于利用财政政策解决收入差距问题上的先进经验后,提出了我国在利用财政转移支付来解决城乡居民收入差距的总体战略和战略重点。最后,在此基础上提出了辽宁省在利用财政转移支付缩小城乡收入差距的政策措施建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the people's life has undergone tremendous changes, and the living standards of urban and rural residents have been greatly improved. However, due to the uneven distribution of resources between urban and rural areas and the differences in the income distribution system within the urban and rural areas, the income gap between urban and rural residents is becoming more and more large. However, a large income gap will have many hidden dangers, which will not only be detrimental to the economic development, but also threaten the stability of the society. The excessive income gap will eliminate the enthusiasm of the people's work, which will lead to the reduction of the economic consumption tendency, which will lead to a rise in the rate of crime and a lot of problems. The large income gap is not only a problem facing our country, but also a worldwide problem. It is not only an economic problem to realize the fair study of income distribution, but it has become a social problem. This phenomenon has aroused the close attention of the vast number of scholars. It is a research angle, and the research methods are different, so there are different views on the next step of economic development in urban and rural areas. The study of this problem seriously affects the development strategy of our country's next step of economy. So it has profound and significant theoretical significance to study the formation and solution of the income gap in many angles.
Since the implementation of the tax sharing system in 1994, China has established a financial transfer payment system to balance the local financial rights and powers to meet the normal operation of local governments and provide public services. This article introduces the current financial transfer payment in China, introduces the essence and definition of the transfer payment, and the basic of the transfer payment in our country. At the same time, this paper analyzes the related theories of income gap and financial transfer payment system, including market failure theory, national income redistribution theory and the trade-off between market efficiency and government fairness. Through the analysis of relevant theories, the reasons for the income gap in China are understood, and the transfer payment should be solved in order to solve the income gap. It also plays a role in the problem. This paper also reviews the research of the relevant scholars, and understands the research angle and direction of the relevant scholars, and it has played a certain role in the proposal of the policy.
As one of the main policies of macro regulation and control in China, the financial transfer payment system plays an important role in regulating the fair distribution of income. It is a very important means to adjust the income distribution after the initial distribution of inequality. However, the transfer payment is still in many problems in solving the problem of balance, and it is found that the urban and rural areas are due to the urban and rural areas. The existence of the two yuan structure, as well as the existing urban orientation in China, and the existing deviations in the design of the current fiscal transfer payment policy, will affect the financial transfer payment to play its due effect.
Starting with the analysis of the role of financial transfer payment in Liaoning Province, this paper analyzes the status of the financial transfer payment in Liaoning province and the current situation of urban and rural income gap in Liaoning Province, analyzes the role and problems of the transfer payment to reduce the income gap. Then, the war on the use of fiscal transfer payment to solve the gap between urban and rural income in Liaoning province is followed. On the basis of analysis of the policy changes in Liaoning Province, the urban and rural population structure and the urban and rural economic environment of Liaoning Province, this paper puts forward the opportunities and challenges facing Liaoning Province in solving the problem of urban and rural income gap, and in reference to the foreign countries' advance in the use of fiscal policy to solve the income gap problem. After experience, we put forward the overall strategy and strategic focus in the use of fiscal transfer payment to solve the income gap between urban and rural residents. Finally, on this basis, the policy and measures for reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Liaoning province are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F812.45

【参考文献】