制度创新与中国供给侧结构性改革

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:48

本文选题：供给侧结构性改革 + 经济体制改革　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：供给侧结构性改革是新常态下中国经济治理的新思路,是针对我国供给体制这一关键领域所进行的一次深化改革,旨在以改革创新的办法推进结构调整,矫正要素配置扭曲,扩大有效供给,提高供给结构对需求变化的适应性和灵活性,提高全要素生产率,更好满足广大人民群众的需要,促进经济社会持续健康发展。制度创新是对制度改革、完善、替代、转换和更新的过程,它主要涉及新制度安排如何产生和旧制度安排如何过渡到新制度安排两个方面的内容。无论是西方经济学还是马克思主义经济学都认为,经济改革的实质就是对制度的变革和创新,甚至在新制度经济学家看来,制度创新对经济发展的重要性远远超过技术、资本、自然资源等,是决定经济绩效的关键因素。20世纪70年代末到90年代初,中西方在经济治理过程中都不同程度地对经济体制的供给端进行了改革创新。在中国,始于1978年的改革开放本质上就是一次通过制度创新来实现有效制度供给增加的供给侧结构性改革;在西方,20世纪80年代末90年代初,面对经济严重"滞胀"的局面,英国、美国、德国等西方资本主义国家分别进行了以国有企业私有化为主要内容、以减税为核心和以经济结构调整为重点的供给侧结构性改革。中西方供给侧结构性改革历史实践不仅表明制度创新是决定改革成败的关键因素,而且还分别在基本原则与主要措施方面给予当前我国供给侧结构性改革以重要启示。制度创新与当前我国供给侧结构性改革有着深刻的内在联系。制度因素是决定经济增长效率的关键因素,制度创新是促进经济增长效率持续提高的重要途径,有利于促进经济增长方式转变,引导经济良性发展,促进社会生产效率整体提升。而制度供给滞后、制度创新需求不足和自主创新进展缓慢等制度性障碍,正是阻碍供给侧结构性改革顺利推进的深层次原因。造成这些制度性障碍的根源既有市场层面的,也有政府层面的,分别表现为:微观市场主体缺乏独立性与自主性、市场竞争机制失灵、市场法治建设滞后、关键要素领域制度陈旧难以适应市场经济发展需要;制度创新模式转型滞后、政府职能转变缺乏动力、利益博弈致使政策失效、地方政府间竞争行为失范等。因此,推动中国供给侧结构性改革,关键在于制度创新。以制度创新推动供给侧结构性改革,要在突出共享的改革发展理念、注重体制机制的协调性、坚持市场化的基本取向、强调法治化的治理思路的基础上,既立足当前又着眼未来:从短期看,供给侧结构性改革最为紧迫的任务是完成好"去产能"、"去库存"、"去杠杆"、"降成本"、"补短板"这五大重点任务,其涉及范围广、具体内容繁多,但病根都是体制机制问题。因此,无论是清理"僵尸企业"、降低企业成本、化解房地产库存、增加有效供给还是防范与化解金融风险,都只有依靠制度的改革创新才能从根本上得到解决。从长远来看,在决定我国经济长期持续有效增长的制度、技术、土地、劳动力和资本等要素方面,无不面临着制度陈旧、难以适应市场经济发展需要的状况,迫切需要通过深入的体制机制改革创新来破除供给约束、消除供给抑制。比如,在制度要素层面,要深化政府简政放权改革;在劳动力要素层面,要调整和完善人口政策,构建科学的人口制度,加快实施人力资本战略;在技术要素层面,要加快实施创新驱动战略,彻底清除影响创新驱动发展的制度障碍,营造有利创新发展的社会环境;等等。供给侧结构性改革是一项系统性、长期性的巨大工程,而制度创新是其中的关键性环节且贯穿始终,虽然目前尚处于初始阶段,但只要在准确把握制度创新这一关键与核心的基础上,加强探索、深化实践、努力创新,必定能取得显著成效。
[Abstract]:The structural reform of the supply side is a new way of thinking of China's economic governance under the new normal state. It is a deepening reform in the key field of supply system in China. It aims to promote structural adjustment by means of innovation and innovation, to correct the distortion of the configuration of elements, to expand the effective supply, and to improve the adaptability and flexibility of the supply structure to the change of demand, To improve the total factor productivity, better meet the needs of the masses and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society. System innovation is the process of system reform, perfection, substitution, transformation and renewal. It mainly involves the creation of the new system arrangement and the two aspects of the old system arrangement how to transit to the new system. Both economics and Marx's economics believe that the essence of economic reform is the reform and innovation of the system. Even in the view of the new system economists, the importance of institutional innovation to economic development is far more than technology, capital, natural resources and so on. It is the key factor in determining economic performance,.20 from the end of the 70s to the beginning of 90s, and the West and the West. In China, the reform and opening up in China, which began in 1978, is essentially a supply side structural reform to increase the supply of effective system through institutional innovation in the 1978. In the west, at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of 90s, the economic "stagflation" is serious. The western capitalist countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany, have carried out the structural reform of the supply side with the main content of the privatization of the state-owned enterprises, the core of the tax reduction and the adjustment of the economic structure. The historical practice of the structural reform of the supply side in China and the west not only shows that the institutional innovation is the key factor to determine the success or failure of the reform. In addition, the basic principles and the main measures are given to the current supply side structural reform in China. The institutional innovation is closely related to the current structural reform of the supply side in our country. The institutional factors are the key factors to determine the efficiency of economic growth, and the innovation of the system is to promote the continuous improvement of the efficiency of economic growth. The important way is to promote the transformation of the mode of economic growth, guide the benign development of the economy and promote the overall promotion of the efficiency of social production. The institutional obstacles such as the lag of system supply, the shortage of institutional innovation and the slow progress of independent innovation are the deep reasons that impede the smooth progress of the structural reform of the supply side. The cause of the hindrance is both the market and the government level, which are characterized by the lack of independence and autonomy, the failure of the market competition mechanism, the lagging of the construction of the rule of law in the market, and the obsolescence of the key factor domain system, which is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of the market economy; the transformation of the system innovation mode is lagging behind, and the transformation of government functions is lacking power, The benefit game causes the policy failure and the competition behavior between local governments and so on. Therefore, the key to promoting the structural reform of China's supply side is the institutional innovation. The institutional innovation is the key to promote the structural reform of the supply side, the concept of the shared reform and development, the coordination of the institutional mechanism, the basic orientation of the marketization, the emphasis on the rule of law, and the rule of law In the short term, the most urgent task of the structural reform of the supply side is to complete the five major tasks of "going to capacity", "going to stock", "deleveraging", "reducing cost", "making up a short board", which involve a wide range of specific content, but the root of the disease is a system mechanism problem. It is to clean up the "zombie enterprise", to reduce the cost of the enterprise, to dissolve the real estate stock, to increase the effective supply or to prevent and dissolve the financial risks, only by relying on the reform and innovation of the system can it be solved fundamentally. In the long run, the system, technology, land, labor and capital, which determine the long-term and sustained and effective growth of our country's economy, are in the long run. Facing the situation that the system is obsolete, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of the market economy. It is urgent to break the supply restraints and eliminate the supply restraints through the reform of the institutional mechanism. For example, the reform of the government's simplified government and decentralization should be deepened at the level of institutional factors; the population policy should be adjusted and perfected at the level of the factor of labor force, and the construction section should be set up. Study the population system and accelerate the implementation of the human capital strategy; at the technical level, we should speed up the implementation of the innovation driven strategy, thoroughly remove the institutional obstacles that affect the innovation driven development, and create a social environment conducive to the innovation and development; and so on. The supply side structural reform is a system of system, long term and huge project, and the system innovation is one of them The key link is throughout, although it is still in the initial stage, so long as the key and core of the system innovation are accurately grasped, strengthening exploration, deepening practice and making great efforts to innovate will surely achieve remarkable results.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F121

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