民生支出对居民收入分配的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:01

本文选题：民生支出 + 公共财政　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国居民收入差距的扩大已成为全社会关注的焦点,和谐社会的构建需要对居民收入分配进行有效调节。造成居民收入分配差距过大的原因很多,没有充分发挥财政支出的收入调节职能是一重要原因。目前,我国经济已进入成熟阶段,根据经济发展阶段论,财政支出应由“建设财政”转向“民生财政”。因此,研究民生支出对居民收入分配的影响具有重要意义。在理论分析方面,文章先分别对民生支出和收入分配的相关概念进行界定,为下文深入研究奠定基础,再总体概述民生支出对居民收入分配的作用机理；在实证分析方面,先分别对我国民生支出和居民收入分配的现状进行描述,阐释存在的问题,再综合实证研究民生支出对居民收入分配的影响。研究结果表明,我国民生支出并未发挥调节居民收入分配的作用：在规模方面,首先,通过民生支出与基尼系数的相关性研究发现,民生支出与基尼系数呈反向变动关系,即民生支出有利于缩小我国整体居民收入差距；其次,通过民生支出与城乡居民收入差距的回归分析发现,民生支出扩大了城乡居民收入差距。实证结果表明,民生支出有利于缩小整体居民收入差距,但却扩大了城乡居民收入差距,说明民生支出结构不合理,有偏重城市的倾向,进而对民生支出结构进行分析。在结构方面,文章根据民生需求的程度不同将民生支出归为5大类,进行“层级”分析,通过面板模型理清了民生支出结构存在的主要问题。首先,民生性最强且投入比例最大的第一层民生支出,居然扩大了城乡居民收入差距；其次,关乎到经济可以持续发展的第四层民生支出力度不足,对改善城乡收入差距效果不明显；最后,作为制度保障本应尽量减少的第五层民生支出居高不下,进一步恶化了城乡收入差距。鉴于以上分析得出的问题,有针对性地提出优化民生支出的政策建议：首先要确定民生支出的四大原则,即坚定层级支出原则、体现顺应需求原则、发挥受益范围原则、适应经济发展原则。其次,在民生支出规模方面,要坚定扩大对民生领域的财政支持力度,保障民生支出的稳定增长,以“量变”推动“质变”；在民生支出结构方面,要保障第一层民生支出,强化第二层民生支出,规划第三层民生支出,重视第四层民生支出和压缩第五层民生支出,并进一步提出了优化各个民生支出项目的具体思路。最后,完善相应的配套措施,包括加快户籍制度改革、完善转移支付制度、扩宽资金筹集渠道、建立科学的绩效评价体系和推进民生支出公开化管理。
[Abstract]:The expansion of income gap has become the focus of attention of the whole society. The construction of harmonious society needs to regulate the income distribution of residents effectively. There are many reasons why the income distribution gap of residents is too large, and it is an important reason that the income adjustment function of financial expenditure is not brought into full play. At present, China's economy has entered a mature stage. According to the stage of economic development, financial expenditure should be changed from "construction finance" to "people's livelihood finance". Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of people's livelihood expenditure on the income distribution of residents. In the theoretical analysis, the article first defines the related concepts of people's livelihood expenditure and income distribution, which lays the foundation for the following in-depth study, and then summarizes the mechanism of the livelihood expenditure on the income distribution of residents; in the empirical analysis, Firstly, this paper describes the current situation of people's livelihood expenditure and residents' income distribution, explains the existing problems, and then studies the impact of people's livelihood expenditure on residents' income distribution. The results show that the people's livelihood expenditure does not play a role in regulating the income distribution of the residents. In terms of scale, first of all, through the study of the correlation between the people's livelihood expenditure and the Gini coefficient, it is found that the relationship between the people's livelihood expenditure and the Gini coefficient is reversed. That is, people's livelihood expenditure is conducive to narrowing the overall income gap; secondly, through the regression analysis of the income gap between the people's livelihood expenditure and the urban and rural residents' income gap, it is found that the livelihood expenditure expands the income gap between urban and rural residents. The empirical results show that people's livelihood expenditure is beneficial to narrow the income gap of the whole residents, but it expands the income gap between urban and rural residents, which shows that the expenditure structure of people's livelihood is unreasonable and has the tendency to pay more attention to the city, and then analyzes the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood. In terms of structure, according to the different degree of people's livelihood demand, the article classifies the people's livelihood expenditure into five categories, carries on the "hierarchy" analysis, and clarifies the main problems existing in the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood through the panel model. First, the first level of people's livelihood spending, which is the strongest and the largest proportion of people's livelihood, actually widens the income gap between urban and rural residents. Secondly, the fourth level of people's livelihood expenditure, which is related to sustainable economic development, is not strong enough. Finally, the fifth level of livelihood expenditure, which should be reduced as far as possible, remains high, which further exacerbates the income gap between urban and rural areas. In view of the problems obtained from the above analysis, the paper puts forward the policy recommendations to optimize the people's livelihood expenditure: first of all, it is necessary to determine the four principles of people's livelihood expenditure, that is, the principle of firm level expenditure, the principle of responding to demand and the principle of scope of benefit. Adapt to the principle of economic development. Secondly, in terms of the scale of people's livelihood expenditure, it is necessary to firmly expand the financial support for the people's livelihood, ensure the steady growth of the people's livelihood expenditure, and promote "qualitative change" with "quantitative change"; in terms of the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood, we should ensure the first level of people's livelihood expenditure. Strengthen the second level of people's livelihood expenditure, plan the third level of people's livelihood expenditure, attach importance to the fourth level of people's livelihood expenditure and reduce the fifth level of people's livelihood expenditure, and further put forward the specific ideas of optimizing the various items of people's livelihood expenditure. Finally, the corresponding supporting measures should be improved, including speeding up the reform of the household registration system, perfecting the transfer payment system, widening the channels for raising funds, establishing a scientific performance evaluation system and promoting the open management of people's livelihood expenditure.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F126.2

【相似文献】