河北省城乡居民收入差距的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 08:41

本文选题：城乡居民收入 + 差距　；参考：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，随着市场经济改革的逐步深化，河北省城乡居民收入也在发生根本性的变化：一方面，随着经济的快速发展，城乡居民的收入得到普遍的提高；但另一方面，城乡居民的收入差距也随之增长，并一直处于较高的水平，以至于城乡居民收入差距过大问题已经成为影响河北省经济快速稳定发展的重大隐患问题。农村居民收入增长幅度缓慢，城镇居民收入增长幅度迅速，城乡居民收入差距日益扩大并呈群体性特征，严重地影响着国家提出的“发展成果由人民共享”这一收入分配改革目标的实现，制约了河北省的社会稳定和经济的可持续发展。河北省作为一个农业大省，二元户籍制度理所当然的成为了城乡收入差距扩大的本质原因。二元户籍制度事实上赋予了城市居民与农村居民两个不同身份，明显分成了两个不同阶层。在城乡分割的二元户籍制度下，农村居民在完全尽到应尽义务的同时却没有平等的享受到理应享受的“发展的果实”，城市居民凭借其户籍优势却享受更多权利及福利。这便是造就了社会结构的分裂和平行运行的城乡二元经济结构。在这种二元经济结构下，，农村经济发展极为缓慢，农民生活水平处于停滞状态，文化水平低导致农村的贫困和农村居民的思想落后，农村剩余劳动力意识不到向城镇转移发展，城镇化水平低，城镇化进程慢，进一步拉大了城乡收入差距，严重影响了我省市场经济体制的建立、发展和完善。二元经济结构影响下，经济水平本就落后的农村把最初的原始积累奉献给了工业化的发展，农业这一最基本，最传统的经济形式为工业化、城市化的高积累提供了成本，农民为此放弃了最初的应得收入，农业的发展被严重阻滞，处于停止状态。由于国家提出的不平衡的经济发展策略，农村居民收入与城市居民收入拉开距离，影响了农村收入水平的提高。我国之所以提出了优先发展重工业的经济发展策略，是当时特定环境决定的，我国第一个五年计划中，资源严重缺乏，只能通过农业积累原始资本，工农产品的价格“剪刀差”的形式，支持农业发展。这是不顾资源约束而实行的赶超战略，其结果直接导致了城市化进程缓慢，工业农业比例失调，城乡居民收入差距进一步拉大。河北省城乡居民收入差距呈现出不断扩大趋势。收入差距扩大趋势究竟是什么原因促成的？如何理顺收入分配关系和深化分配制度改革，缩小城乡居民收入差距，实现真正的共同富裕？河北省是一个人口大省，也是一个农业大省。城乡居民收入差距不断扩大是河北省经济发展过程中必须下大力气解决的问题。文章从居民收入、消费、基尼系数及恩格尔系数等方面说明了我省城乡居民收入差距现状，并就城乡居民收入差距成因进行了实证分析和说明。基于此，本文结合马克思主义经济学，借鉴西方经济学的一些统计指标，对河北省城乡收入差距的现状进行研究，在此基础上探讨了缩小城乡收入差距可以利用的有利因素、面临的主要困难，最后在分析了存在的问题及成因的基础上，笔者对解决问题的路径做了思考。全文主要分三个大的内容，首先是对和城乡居民收入分配有关的社会主义分配制度理论的相关综述，为接下来问题的提出和分析提供理论依据。其次是以实证的形式，着重分析了河北省城乡居民收入差距的现状，包括近年来取得的成就、存在的问题及问题成因的分析，揭示了河北省城乡居民收入差距现状中的不足及危害，最后，根据前面的分析，确定了河北省城乡居民收入差距问题解决的目标，并据此提出了笔者的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the gradual deepening of the reform of the market economy, the income of urban and rural residents in Hebei province has also changed fundamentally. On the one hand, with the rapid development of the economy, the income of urban and rural residents has been generally improved; on the other hand, the income gap between urban and rural residents has also increased, and has been at a high level, even at a higher level. The problem of the large income gap between urban and rural residents has become a major problem that affects the rapid and stable development of Hebei's economy. The income growth of rural residents is slow, the income of urban residents is growing rapidly, the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding and is group characteristic, which seriously affects the "development results" proposed by the state. The realization of the goal of income distribution reform has restricted the social stability and economic sustainable development of Hebei province.
As a big agricultural province in Hebei, the two yuan household registration system has become the essential reason for the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The two yuan household registration system actually endows urban residents and rural residents with two different identities, which are clearly divided into two different classes. Under the two yuan household registration system, the rural residents are fully exhausted. At the same time, there is no equal enjoyment of the "fruit of development" which should be enjoyed. The urban residents enjoy more rights and benefits by virtue of their domicile advantages. This is the two yuan economic structure which has created the split and parallel operation of the social structure. Under this two yuan economic structure, the rural economic development is very slow, the farmers are very slow. The living standard is in the stagnation state, the low cultural level leads to the rural poverty and the rural residents' thinking backward, the rural surplus labor consciousness is not transferred to the town, the level of urbanization is low, the urbanization process is slow, which further widen the income gap between the urban and rural areas, which seriously affects the establishment, development and improvement of the market economy system in our province.
Under the influence of the two yuan economic structure, the economic level of the backward countryside has devoted the original original accumulation to the development of industrialization. The most basic and most traditional economic form of agriculture is industrialization, and the high accumulation of urbanization provides the cost. The peasants have given up their original income, and the development of agriculture is seriously blocked and is at the end. State. Because of the unbalanced economic development strategy proposed by the state, the income of rural residents and the urban residents' income are separated from the urban residents' income, which affects the improvement of the rural income level. The reason why China has proposed the priority of developing the economic development strategy of heavy industry is determined by the specific environment at that time. In the first five year plan of China, the resources are seriously lacking, only Through the accumulation of raw capital in agriculture and the price "scissors difference" in the form of "scissors difference", the price of industrial and agricultural products can support the development of agriculture. This is a catch up strategy regardless of the constraints of resources. The result directly leads to the slow process of urbanization, the imbalance of industrial agriculture, and the further widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents.
The income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei is increasing. What are the reasons for the expansion of the income gap? How to straighten out the income distribution relationship and deepen the reform of the distribution system, reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents and realize the real common prosperity? Hebei is a large province of population and a big agricultural province. The widening gap between the people's income is a problem that must be solved in the process of economic development in Hebei province. This paper illustrates the income gap of urban and rural residents in our province from the aspects of residents' income, consumption, Gini coefficient and Engel coefficient, and makes an empirical analysis and explanation on the causes of the income gap between urban and rural residents.
Based on this, this paper, based on Marx's economics, uses some statistical indicators in western economics to study the current situation of urban and rural income gap in Hebei province. On this basis, this paper discusses the favorable factors that can be used to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the main difficulties are on the basis of the analysis of the existing problems and causes. People think about the way to solve the problem.
The full text is mainly divided into three major contents, first of all, the relevant summary of the theory of socialist distribution system related to the distribution of urban and rural residents' income distribution, providing theoretical basis for the following problems and analysis. Secondly, the present situation of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei Province is emphatically analyzed in the form of empirical analysis, including the achievements made in recent years. The analysis of the existing problems and the causes of the problems reveals the deficiency and harm of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei province. Finally, according to the previous analysis, the goal of solving the problem of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei province is determined and the author's suggestions are put forward accordingly.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

【参考文献】