内蒙古地区城乡居民收入差距现状分析和对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 13:37

本文选题：内蒙古 + 城乡居民　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：收入分配制度是经济社会发展的一项根本性、基础性的制度。实现收入分配的公平正义,是构建中国特色社会主义社会的内在要求,也是当代公共管理的核心价值。1978年12月,党的十一届三中全会提出了改革开放的战略决策,此后的三十余年时间多年中,国民经济快速发展。2012年,我国国民生产总值518942亿元,占世界经济总量的11.5%,是仅次于美国的第二大经济体。在经济发展的同时,我们党高度重视收入分配改革,从初期的“先富带动后富”,到“兼顾效率和公平”,再到“更加注重公平”,多次在党的重大会议上提出关于收入分配的重要论述,这标志着我们党把追求与每一个人切身利益相关的、与社会整体稳定密切联系的收入分配的公平正义作为了加强社会建设的明确信号。但是,面对成绩,我们还要清醒的看到,中国已经从改革开放初期收入分配较为平均的国家(1978年中国基尼系数为0.18),变成为了收入不平等程度比较严重的国家(2012年中国基尼系数为0.474,且在最近10年都大于0.4的国家警戒线),这说明目前收入分配领域也存在着一些矛盾和问题,收入差距,尤其是城乡居民收入差距问题已成为影响我国经济发展和社会稳定的重要问题,引起了学术界的广泛关注。就内蒙古地区而言,改革开放的三十余年时间,城乡居民绝对差距增长了90多倍,相对差距从2.30：1扩大到2.96：1,城乡居民收入差距呈现明显扩大的趋势。由于收入差距过大,会挫伤部分劳动者的生产积极性,从而阻碍到经济的发展,给社会稳定带来不利影响。同时,由于内蒙古在维护祖国边疆繁荣稳定大局中具有重要战略地位,因此,在当前形势下,研究内蒙古城乡居民收入差距现状,找到影响城乡居民收入差距的原因,并因地制宜的提出缩小收入差距的对策建议,对实现自治区经济的健康发展具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文通过数据分析法、实证分析法、对比分析法等多种方法,对内蒙古城乡居民的收入差距进行了系统的分析和研究,利用大量的数据和图表多方面的反映了内蒙古目前城乡居民收入差距的现状和趋势。分析影响内蒙古城乡居民收入差距的原因,主要有农牧业生产效率落后导致农牧民经营性收入增长缓慢,政府对农牧业扶持力度不够、城乡二元结构和城镇化水平不高限制了农牧区富裕劳动力转移导致农牧民工资性收入增长缓慢,政府财政支出政策长期偏向城镇导致欠账较多使得农牧民转移性收入仍低于城镇等,进行深入分析,进而提出适合内蒙古自治区区情的缩小城乡居民收入差距的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Income distribution system is a fundamental and basic system of economic and social development. The realization of fairness and justice in income distribution is the inherent requirement of building a socialist society with Chinese characteristics and the core value of contemporary public management. In December 1978, the third Plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee put forward a strategic decision for reform and opening up. In the following more than 30 years, the national economy developed rapidly. In 2012, China's gross national product (GNP) was 51.8942 trillion yuan, accounting for 11.5% of the world's total economic volume, which is the second largest economy after the United States. At the same time of economic development, our party attaches great importance to the reform of income distribution, from the early years of "bringing the rich first and then the rich" to "taking efficiency and fairness into account," and then to "paying more attention to fairness." The important statement on income distribution has been put forward many times at the major meetings of the Party, which indicates that our party's pursuit is related to the vital interests of everyone. The fairness and justice of income distribution, which is closely related to social stability, is a clear signal to strengthen social construction. However, in the face of achievements, we still have to soberly see, China has gone from a country where income distribution was more evenly distributed in the early years of reform and opening up (China's Gini coefficient was 0.18 in 1978) to a country with high income inequality (China's Gini coefficient was 0.474 in 2012 and more than 0.4 in the last 10 years) This shows that there are also some contradictions and problems in the field of income distribution. The income gap, especially the income gap between urban and rural residents, has become an important issue affecting the economic development and social stability of our country. As far as Inner Mongolia is concerned, in the more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the absolute gap between urban and rural residents has increased by more than 90 times, the relative gap has expanded from 2.30 to 2.96: 1, and the income gap between urban and rural residents has shown a trend of obvious expansion. Because the income gap is too large, It will dampen the productive enthusiasm of some workers, thus hinder the development of economy and bring negative influence to social stability. At the same time, because Inner Mongolia has an important strategic position in maintaining the prosperity and stability of the border areas of the motherland, therefore, under the current situation, the present situation of income gap between urban and rural residents in Inner Mongolia is studied, and the reasons that affect the income gap between urban and rural residents are found. It has very important theoretical value and practical significance to realize the healthy economic development of the autonomous region. In this paper, through data analysis, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, there are many methods, such as data analysis, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and so on. The income gap between urban and rural residents in Inner Mongolia is systematically analyzed and studied, and the current situation and trend of income gap between urban and rural residents in Inner Mongolia are reflected by a large number of data and charts. The main reasons influencing the income gap between urban and rural residents in Inner Mongolia are the slow growth of operating income of farmers and herdsmen due to the backward production efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the insufficient government support for agriculture and animal husbandry. The low level of urban-rural dual structure and urbanization limit the transfer of rich labor force in farming and pastoral areas, resulting in the slow growth of wage income of farmers and herdsmen. The government's fiscal expenditure policy in favor of cities and towns for a long time leads to a large amount of debts, so that the transfer income of farmers and herdsmen is still lower than that of towns and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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