中国技术寻求型对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 17:41

本文选题：技术寻求型对外直接投资 + 吸收能力　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在知识经济前景广阔的时代,高端领域技术、价值含量较高的科技创新能力已成为世界各国在对外投资活动中攀升全球上层价值链的中坚力量。基于技术寻求动因的对外直接投资迎来了高速发展的“黄金时期”,其逆向溢出的资源(其中技术要素占比最大)逐渐被认为是投资国技术迅速发展的制胜“法宝”。特别是在中国技术存量短缺的情况下,积极利用海外先进技术可以有效助推国内技术进步以及经济转型。近年来,中国的对外直接投资(下文简称OFDI)步入经济“新常态”,对外直接投资规模呈高速增长态势,投资行业由劳动密集型向技术密集型行业转型,区域投资结构迎合对外开放新格局并处于不断调整和优化升级中。在中国政府的倡议和引导下,中国“走出去”步伐稳步推进,许多企业纷纷把国内优势传统行业、装备制造业、新兴服务业向境外转移,境外经贸合作区也初见成效。截至2015年底的数据显示,中国2.02万家境内投资者在境外188个国家(地区)投资建设了3.08万家对外直接投资企业。由此看来,中国对外投资进入了发展快车道。在新古典经济增长理论中,技术进步是经济社会发展的重要源泉。各国总体经济增长的差异在很大程度上归结为国家间技术水平的高低,而源于技术进步带来母国生产力提高的驱动力并不完全来自于国内,还可通过间接渠道从国外获取。由于拥有核心研发技术的先进国主要集中在发达国家,技术寻求型对外直接投资能为诸如中国这类缺乏技术要素禀赋优势的发展中国家提供“干中学”的技术吸收渠道。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,正处于经济转型的战略机遇期,不能仅仅依靠自主研发来实现技术进步,亟需充分利用外部渠道获取先进技术和管理经验,尤其是通过对外直接投资渠道带来的的研发技术溢出,在促进母国技术进步中产生了积极影响。对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的理论模型、实现机制和吸收能力因素分析是本文的基石。因此,本文以此为出发点,结合吸收能力理论展开探讨。长期基准模型的构建还利用内生增长模型思想,将技术溢出与吸收能力内生化来重构技术进步的理论模型,并细化了技术吸收的环节,更完整地展现出技术进步的动态路径。在两个基准模型基础上,本文利用2004-2015年的中国省级面板数据,实证检验了技术寻求型对外直接投资逆向技术溢出所产生的国内技术进步长短期效应。研究发现:无论长短期,技术寻求型对外直接投资渠道下的逆向技术溢出和现实吸收能力因素均对技术进步起到了积极的正向作用,且都与预期一致;外商直接投资、政府支出规模、经济国有化程度这三个控制变量在长短期内对技术进步的作用方向不一致;长期内,潜在吸收能力(包括研发强度、人力资本、金融发展水平及技术差距)也对省际技术进步产生了显著的正向效应。通过进一步分析可知,除了金融发展水平以外,其他潜在吸收能力变量与国际技术溢出结合形成的现实吸收能力,在长期中促进技术进步的程度比短期大。此外,长期内的人力资本还存在“门槛效应”,当跨越最低门槛值时,技术寻求型对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出才发挥出正向作用。最后,本文针对以上理论框架和实证结果,就中国政府和企业两个对外投资的重要主体如何更快更好地“走出去”获取全球资源和国际新技术,进而推动国内技术进步提出了切实可行的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In the era of the bright future of knowledge economy, high technology and high value of scientific and technological innovation have become the backbone of the world's higher value chain in foreign investment activities. The foreign direct investment based on technology seeking motivation has ushered in the "golden period" of rapid development, and its reverse spillover resources China's foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as OFDI) has stepped into the economy in recent years, especially in the case of the shortage of technology stock in China, and the active use of advanced overseas technology can effectively boost domestic technological progress and economic transformation. The scale of foreign direct investment is growing rapidly, the investment industry is transforming from labor intensive to technology intensive industry. The regional investment structure caters to the new pattern of opening to the outside world and is in constant adjustment and optimization and upgrading. Under the initiative and guidance of the Chinese government, the pace of China's "going out" is steadily advancing, and many enterprises have come into dispute. As of the end of 2015, China's 2.02 million domestic investors have invested 3.08, 000 direct investment enterprises in 188 countries (regions) abroad. Thus, China's foreign investment has entered the country. In the new classical economic growth theory, the technological progress is an important source of the economic and social development. The difference of the overall economic growth of each country is largely attributed to the level of technology among countries, and the driving force derived from the improvement of the country's productivity from the technological progress is not entirely from the domestic, but also through the indirect channel. As the advanced countries with core R & D technology are mainly concentrated in the developed countries, the technology seeking foreign direct investment can provide a technical absorption channel for the developing countries such as China, such as China, which lacks the technical factor endowment. China is the largest developing country in the world and is in the economy. The period of strategic opportunity of transformation can not rely solely on independent research and development to achieve technological progress. It is urgent to make full use of external channels to obtain advanced technology and management experience, especially the R & D technology spillover brought by foreign direct investment channels, which has a positive impact on promoting the technological progress of the home country. The reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment The theoretical model, the realization mechanism and the absorptive capacity factor analysis are the cornerstones of this paper. Therefore, this paper takes this as the starting point and discusses the absorption ability theory. The construction of the long-term benchmark model also uses endogenous growth model to reconstruct the theoretical model of technological progress by technology spillover and absorptive capacity, and refine the technology. On the basis of two benchmark models, this paper empirically examines the long and short term effects of technological progress on the reverse technology spillover of technology seeking foreign direct investment on the basis of two benchmark models. The reverse technology spillover and the actual absorptive capacity of the foreign direct investment channel have positive positive effect on the technological progress, and all are consistent with the expectation. The three control variables of foreign direct investment, the scale of government expenditure and the degree of economic nationalization are inconsistent in the direction of the technological progress in the long and short period; for a long time, The potential absorptive capacity (including R & D intensity, human capital, financial development level and technology gap) also has a significant positive effect on the inter provincial technology progress. Through further analysis, besides the financial development level, the practical absorptive capacity of other potential absorptive variables and international technical spillovers is promoted in the long term. In addition, there is a "threshold effect" in human capital in the long term. When the minimum threshold is spanned, the reverse technology spillover of technology seeking foreign direct investment is positive. Finally, in view of the above theoretical framework and the results, the two foreign investment of the Chinese government and the enterprise How the important subject is quicker and better "going out" to obtain global resources and international new technology, and then put forward practical policy suggestions to promote domestic technological progress.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F125

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