柴达木盆地经济可持续发展的评价与对策

发布时间：2018-07-13 14:45

【摘要】：可持续发展是人类进入工业文明发展后的必然选择，面对经济高速发展，国际竞争日趋激烈，对资源的利用必须要既满足当代人的需要，又不损害后代人的利益。从人与自然的关系来看，必须正确处理好资源开发与保护生态环境的问题上，无论是人与自然的伦理层面还是社会制度以及技术方面，都不能以牺牲自然环境和社会环境为代价。从人与人的关系来看，不能以牺牲大部分人利益换取一少部分人的利益，必须注重公平与效率，，促进人与人的和谐相处。实现共同富裕、保持社会稳定、加强边疆安全的战略举措。正确处理经济、社会、人口、资源、环境之间的关系，实现西部地区的可持续发展，是西部大开发的根本切入点，也是贯穿于“西部大开发”这一长期发展过程始终的重大问题。青海省柴达木地区位于青海湖西边，海拔2600～3000m，面积24万多km2，是我国第二大盆地。柴达木盆地盐湖资源、石油天然气、有色金属和非金属等矿产资源十分丰富，在青海省的经济发展中占有重要的作用。而且柴达木盆地是青藏铁路的必经之地，无论在地里位置还是国防战略上都举足轻重。另外，柴达木盆地的经济发展状况直接影响青海省经济发展的水平和质量。本文通过对柴达木盆地8个县市实际情况的调查，从经济、社会以及资源环境方面选用37个具体指标，建立经济可持续发展评价指标体系，采用主成分分析方法及AHP(层次分析法）对柴达木盆地经济可持续发展作出综合评价。评价结果显示，1999～2012年柴达木盆地经济可持续发展水平总体呈上升趋势，综合得分从1999年的-15.3480提高到2012年的28.7329。特别是2005年国家级柴达木循环经济试验区批准建设之后，地区的可持续发展综合水平得分增长幅度较大，说明柴达木盆地循环经济的发展对可持续发展水平的提升有显著支持作用。通过分析指出影响柴达木盆地经济可持续发展的四个主因子，分别是地区经济总量规模因子、产业结构因子、人口素质范畴、社会基础设施发展因子。并通过主因子的变动情况，指出影响该地区经济可持续发展的主要问题有：柴达木盆地公共基础设施不完善，制约经济的可持续发展；资源禀赋不均，限制经济发展的持续性；人力资源实力较弱，科教投入不足，影响其工业转型；产业结构不合理。最后，提出促进柴达木盆地经济可持续发展的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Sustainable development is the inevitable choice of human being after entering the development of industrial civilization. In the face of rapid economic development and increasingly fierce international competition, the utilization of resources must not only meet the needs of the present generation, but also do not harm the interests of future generations. From the point of view of the relationship between man and nature, we must correctly deal with the problems of resource development and protection of the ecological environment, whether in the ethical aspect of man and nature, in the social system and in technology. Neither can be at the expense of the natural and social environment. From the point of view of the relationship between people, we should not sacrifice the interests of most people for the interests of a small number of people, we must pay attention to fairness and efficiency, and promote harmony between people. To achieve common prosperity, maintain social stability, and strengthen border security strategic measures. Correctly handling the relations between economy, society, population, resources and environment, and realizing the sustainable development of the western region are the fundamental entry points for the large-scale development of the western region. It is also a major issue that runs through the long-term development of the western region. The Qaidam area of Qinghai Province is located in the west of Qinghai Lake. It is the second largest basin in China, with an area of more than 240000 km ~ 2 and an elevation of 2600m ~ 3000m. The Chaidamu Basin is rich in mineral resources such as salt lake, oil and natural gas, non-ferrous metals and non-metals, and plays an important role in the economic development of Qinghai Province. The Qaidam Basin is a necessary place for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which plays an important role in both the field position and the national defense strategy. In addition, the economic development of Qaidam Basin directly affects the level and quality of Qinghai economic development. Based on the investigation of the actual situation in 8 counties and cities in Qaidam Basin, 37 specific indexes are selected from the aspects of economy, society and resources and environment, and the evaluation index system of economic sustainable development is established. The method of principal component analysis (PCA) and AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) are used to evaluate the sustainable economic development of Qaidam Basin. The evaluation results show that the level of sustainable economic development in Chaidamu Basin from 1999 to 2012 is on the whole rising, and the comprehensive score is increased from -15.3480 in 1999 to 28.7329 in 2012. In particular, after the approval of the construction of the national Qaidam circular economy experimental area in 2005, the comprehensive level of sustainable development in the region has increased by a large margin. It is concluded that the development of circular economy in Qaidam Basin can support the improvement of sustainable development level. It is pointed out that the four main factors affecting the sustainable development of economy in Qaidam Basin are the scale factor of regional economic aggregate, the factor of industrial structure, the category of population quality and the factor of development of social infrastructure. Through the change of main factors, the paper points out that the main problems affecting the sustainable development of economy in this area are: imperfect public infrastructure in Qaidam Basin, restricting the sustainable development of economy, uneven endowment of resources, and restricting the sustainability of economic development. The weak strength of human resources and insufficient investment in science and education affect its industrial transformation and its industrial structure is unreasonable. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the sustainable economic development of Qaidam Basin are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F127

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