提高城市低收入群体收入水平政策优化研究
发布时间：2018-09-09 18:13
【摘要】：随着经济的发展和改革开放进程的不断深化,我国社会发展取得举世瞩目的成绩,国民经济也保持了高速的增长,居民的生活水平在改革开放的推动下有了较大幅度的提高,生活环境有了明显的改善。但伴随着经济环境的日益复杂和竞争形势的日趋激烈,现阶段我国居民收入差距日益拉大,居民总体收入水平的大幅度提高是以收入分配不公为代价换取的,目前依然还有大量的贫困群体置于巨大的生存压力之下,贫困问题已经成为当今社会最尖锐的问题之一。在过去的30年里,中国从收入分配比较平均的国家,一跃转变成收入分配差距居世界前列的国家,改革没有使更广泛的人群受益,经济社会发展的成果也没有被社会成员集体分享,低收入群体的存在已成为一个不争的事实。居民收入分配是否公平合理客观公正与广大社会人民的自身利益和经济发展息息相关,现已成为当前国际社会最关注的民生问题。 城市低收入群体的不断壮大,是经济体制发生变化的客观反映和必然结果,随着改革更深层次的推进,低收入问题仍然有恶化的趋势。我国社会收入差距持续扩大2013年中国的基尼系数为0.473,按国际一般标准0.4的基尼系数贫富差距警戒线,我国已经进入收入分配不公的区域,应该引起高度警惕,否则将会引发社会动荡等一系列问题。这其中的低收入群体是一个庞大重要的群体,更需要我们去保护和关注,低收入群体人数众多,受自身素质、文化水平、工作技能等因素的影响,收入增长缓慢,在社会生活中面临一定的困境,威胁着经济发展社会安定团结。因此,对低收入群体社会问题的研究,是关系到人心所向、社会民生的根本性问题,有重要的的现实意义。 本文正是基于上述理念,进行逐层递进式分析。本文由绪论和四个章节共五部分组成,第一部分绪论中,首先闸述了论文的研究目的和意义,对国内外学者的研究现状进行总结,提出本文的研究内容及创新点。第二部分介绍了低收入群体界定的相对标准、恩格尔系数标准和群体的构成及对低收入群体问题起指导作用的理论依据。第三部分剖析了低收入群体收入水平现状和收入政策目标、制定、评估存在的问题,分析提出政策问题产生的原因。第四部分提出了美国、日本和瑞典这三个国家在社会政策、经济政策中对低收入群体的政策支持,并取其精华,提出带有我国特色的政策借鉴。第订部分通过对上述问题的分析总结,提出我国在政策目标、政策制定和政策评估的优化建议及相关配套政策的完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the deepening of the reform and opening up process, the social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, the national economy has also maintained a rapid growth, and the living standards of the residents have been greatly improved under the impetus of the reform and opening up. There has been a marked improvement in the living environment. However, with the increasing complexity of the economic environment and the increasingly fierce competition situation, the income gap of the residents in our country is widening day by day, and the substantial increase in the overall income level of the residents is exchanged at the cost of unfair income distribution. At present, there are still a large number of poor groups under great pressure to survive, poverty has become one of the most acute social problems. Over the past 30 years, China has leapt from a country with a more evenly distributed income to one with the world's largest income distribution gap, and the reforms have not benefited the wider population. The achievements of economic and social development have not been shared by social members, and the existence of low-income groups has become an indisputable fact. Whether the income distribution of residents is fair, reasonable, objective and fair is closely related to the interests of the broad masses of social people and economic development, and has become the most concerned issue of people's livelihood in the current international community. The continuous expansion of urban low-income groups is an objective reflection and inevitable result of the changes in economic system. With the further development of reform, the problem of low income is still worsening. The Gini coefficient of China is 0.473 in 2013, and the gap between the rich and the poor is 0.4 according to the international general standard. China has entered the region where income distribution is unfair, so we should be on high alert. Otherwise, it will lead to social unrest and a series of problems. Among them, the low-income group is a huge and important group, and we need to protect and pay more attention to it. The low-income group has a large number of people, affected by their own quality, educational level, job skills and other factors, income growth is slow. In the social life faces certain predicament, threatens the economic development social stability and unity. Therefore, the study on the social problems of low income groups is a fundamental issue related to people's wishes and people's livelihood, which has important practical significance. This paper is based on the above idea, the progressive analysis is carried out layer by layer. This paper consists of five parts: introduction and four chapters. In the first part of the introduction, the purpose and significance of this paper are described, the current research situation of domestic and foreign scholars is summarized, and the research content and innovation of this paper are put forward. The second part introduces the relative criteria of the definition of low-income group, the Engel coefficient criterion and the composition of the group and the theoretical basis for guiding the problem of low-income group. The third part analyzes the income level of low-income groups and income policy objectives, the formulation, evaluation of the existing problems, analysis of the reasons for the policy problems. The fourth part puts forward the policy support to the low-income group in the social policy, economic policy of the United States, Japan and Sweden, and puts forward the policy reference with the characteristics of our country. In the first part, through the analysis and summary of the above problems, the author puts forward the optimization suggestions of policy objectives, policy formulation and policy evaluation, and the perfection of relevant supporting policies in our country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126.2
本文编号：2233178
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the deepening of the reform and opening up process, the social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, the national economy has also maintained a rapid growth, and the living standards of the residents have been greatly improved under the impetus of the reform and opening up. There has been a marked improvement in the living environment. However, with the increasing complexity of the economic environment and the increasingly fierce competition situation, the income gap of the residents in our country is widening day by day, and the substantial increase in the overall income level of the residents is exchanged at the cost of unfair income distribution. At present, there are still a large number of poor groups under great pressure to survive, poverty has become one of the most acute social problems. Over the past 30 years, China has leapt from a country with a more evenly distributed income to one with the world's largest income distribution gap, and the reforms have not benefited the wider population. The achievements of economic and social development have not been shared by social members, and the existence of low-income groups has become an indisputable fact. Whether the income distribution of residents is fair, reasonable, objective and fair is closely related to the interests of the broad masses of social people and economic development, and has become the most concerned issue of people's livelihood in the current international community. The continuous expansion of urban low-income groups is an objective reflection and inevitable result of the changes in economic system. With the further development of reform, the problem of low income is still worsening. The Gini coefficient of China is 0.473 in 2013, and the gap between the rich and the poor is 0.4 according to the international general standard. China has entered the region where income distribution is unfair, so we should be on high alert. Otherwise, it will lead to social unrest and a series of problems. Among them, the low-income group is a huge and important group, and we need to protect and pay more attention to it. The low-income group has a large number of people, affected by their own quality, educational level, job skills and other factors, income growth is slow. In the social life faces certain predicament, threatens the economic development social stability and unity. Therefore, the study on the social problems of low income groups is a fundamental issue related to people's wishes and people's livelihood, which has important practical significance. This paper is based on the above idea, the progressive analysis is carried out layer by layer. This paper consists of five parts: introduction and four chapters. In the first part of the introduction, the purpose and significance of this paper are described, the current research situation of domestic and foreign scholars is summarized, and the research content and innovation of this paper are put forward. The second part introduces the relative criteria of the definition of low-income group, the Engel coefficient criterion and the composition of the group and the theoretical basis for guiding the problem of low-income group. The third part analyzes the income level of low-income groups and income policy objectives, the formulation, evaluation of the existing problems, analysis of the reasons for the policy problems. The fourth part puts forward the policy support to the low-income group in the social policy, economic policy of the United States, Japan and Sweden, and puts forward the policy reference with the characteristics of our country. In the first part, through the analysis and summary of the above problems, the author puts forward the optimization suggestions of policy objectives, policy formulation and policy evaluation, and the perfection of relevant supporting policies in our country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126.2
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