东亚国家和地区内部收入不平等问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 19:58

【摘要】：收入不平等状况是与人民生活密切相关的一种基本国情，了解它的变动趋势与原因是制定相关政策的前提条件。如果一国收入不平等过于严重就会产生一系列的社会与经济问题。比如阻碍经济增长并减缓消除贫困的速度、导致社会不稳定进而降低投资量、增加社会管理成本影响公民生活与国家政治活动增加社会管理成本。在过去里的二十年里，东亚国家和地区参与经济全球化的程度不断加深，并从实施外向型经济发展策略中获得了实实在在的好处。与此同时这些国家中与人民生活水平以及一国经济稳定发展密切相关的收入不平等状况也发生了明显的差异性的变动。在这种背景下我们就会想到以下问题：第一，东亚不同国家和地区收入不平等发生了怎样的变动；第二，不同国家和地区收入不平等变动的主要原因是什么；第三，我们能从不同国家和地区收入不平等的差异性变动中得到什么启示。本文就主要研究这些问题。本文在大量文献的基础上，首先从理论与已有实证结果的基础上尽可能全面描述、分析一国收入不平等变动的原因与机制，然后寻找量化各个要素影响的方法，再运用相关数据通过一个多元线性模型来分析不同国家和地区相关要素对收入不平等变动的影响。尽管从理论与经验上分析影响收入不平等变动的因素大致相同，，但是模型回归结果显示不同国家和地区影响收入不平等变动的主要显著因素并不相同，甚至于相同因素对不同国家产生方向相反的影响，这就造成了在经济全球化同一背景下不同国家收入不平等产生差异性变动。因此我们认为不同国家收入不平等变动的原因不同，所以在分析收入不平等问题时一定要充分考虑经济政治基本面的影响。总体上从微观层面来说收入不平等问题是一个与人们生活息息相关的问题，它对人们的生活水平有着重要的影响；从宏观层面来说收入不平等问题事关一国的稳定与发展。而且影响收入不平等问题的因素很多，且发生作用的机制比较复杂，不同国家之间还存在明显的差异。所以收入不平等问题是一个很值得研究且有一定难度的问题。本文只是对收入不平等问题做了相对浅显简单的研究，还可以进行更深地、更细致地研究。
[Abstract]:Income inequality is a basic national condition closely related to people's life. Understanding its changing trend and reasons is a prerequisite for making relevant policies. If a country's income inequality is too high, there will be a series of social and economic problems. For example, it hinders economic growth and slows down the speed of poverty eradication, which leads to social instability and reduces the amount of investment. Increasing the cost of social management affects the life of citizens and the political activities of the country, and increases the cost of social management. Over the past two decades, East Asian countries and regions have become increasingly involved in economic globalization and have benefited from the implementation of export-oriented economic development strategies. At the same time, the income inequality, which is closely related to the living standard of the people and the stable development of a country's economy, has also changed obviously in these countries. In this context, we will think of the following questions: first, how income inequality has changed in different countries and regions in East Asia; second, what are the main reasons for the changes in income inequality in different countries and regions; and third, what are the main reasons for the changes in income inequality in different countries and regions in East Asia? What can we learn from the variation of income inequality in different countries and regions? This paper mainly studies these problems. Based on a large number of literatures, this paper first describes the causes and mechanisms of income inequality changes in a country as comprehensively as possible on the basis of theoretical and empirical results, and then looks for ways to quantify the influence of various factors. Then we use the relevant data to analyze the influence of related factors on income inequality in different countries and regions through a multivariate linear model. Although the theoretical and empirical analysis of the factors affecting income inequality is about the same, the model regression results show that different countries and regions affect the main significant factors of income inequality is not the same. Even the same factors have the opposite effect on different countries, which results in the different income inequality of different countries under the same background of economic globalization. Therefore, we think that different countries have different reasons for the change of income inequality, so we must fully consider the influence of economic and political fundamentals when analyzing income inequality. On the whole, income inequality is a problem closely related to people's life, which has an important impact on people's living standard, and on the macro level, income inequality is related to the stability and development of a country. Moreover, there are many factors affecting income inequality, and the mechanism is complex, and there are obvious differences between different countries. So income inequality is a problem worth studying and has some difficulty. This paper only makes a relatively simple study on income inequality, and can do a deeper and more detailed study.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F131

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