中国新疆与哈萨克斯坦劳务合作研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 02:49

【摘要】：自哈萨克斯坦独立以来，，我国与其合作领域逐步扩大，合作方式也呈现多样化发展，目前已形成全方位、多层次的合作体系。新疆与哈萨克斯坦毗邻,二者具有相似的民族结构及相同的宗教信仰，其独特的地缘、人文优势有利于双方开展合作。与哈萨克斯坦相比，新疆具有较为丰富的劳动力资源，且劳动力素质较高，有更大的供给潜力。目前新疆与哈萨克斯坦的劳务合作主要是通过在哈萨克斯坦承包工程、建立合资公司等方式，但哈萨克斯坦有严格的劳务管理制度，要求更多的使用本国的劳动力，但哈本国的劳动市场呈现如下特点：技能水平与雇主需求不匹配，成熟产业工人供不应求，不能满足发展的需要，但由于受教育程度限制，教育人员专业素养相对较低，因此有迫切的提高劳动者素质的国外培训需求。我国与哈萨克斯坦接壤，与其他省区相比，新疆具有更为显著的地缘文化优势。乌鲁木齐作为新疆的首府，政治、经济、科技和文化的发展已然达到较高的发展水平，具备了较强的经济实力，因此有条件进一步向西开放发展，建立专业的面向中亚的劳务合作培训基地。此外，培训基地的构建也为新疆本地劳动力素质的提升提供平台，提高其国内及国际竞争力，进一步根据哈萨克斯坦对高素质劳动力及成熟产业工人的需求组织相应的劳务输出，这既实现了我国剩余劳动力的转移又满足了哈国对产业工人的需求，真正实现双赢。本文以经济合作为视角，首先对新疆与哈萨克斯坦劳务合作的政治、经济合作环境、文化环境进行详尽分析，得出双方的劳务合作具有良好的发展基础。对新疆与哈萨克斯坦劳务合作可行性的分析得到新疆对哈国劳务输出具有绝对优势及相对优势，但目前双方的劳务合作量较低，且合作方式单一。运用修正的贸易引力模型的实证分析结果表明总人口对新疆与哈萨克斯坦的经济合作的弹性系数为12.64619，劳务合作的弹性系数为1.27898，二者都对经济合作产生较为显著的影响。然后根据分析的结果初步提出在乌鲁木齐建立劳务合作培训基地，并从政府、培训协调机构、教育机构、社会机构、企业五个要素方面对基地的模式做简要分析。最后，结合前面章节分析结果提出进一步扩大新疆向哈萨克斯坦劳务输出的建议及完善劳务培训基地培训的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the independence of Kazakhstan, the fields of cooperation between China and Kazakhstan have gradually expanded, and the ways of cooperation have diversified development. At present, a comprehensive and multi-level cooperation system has been formed. Xinjiang and Kazakhstan are adjacent to each other. They have similar national structure and same religious beliefs, and their unique geographical and humanistic advantages are conducive to the cooperation between the two sides. Compared with Kazakhstan, Xinjiang has more abundant labor resources, higher labor quality and greater supply potential. At present, the labor cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan is mainly through contracting projects and establishing joint ventures in Kazakhstan. However, Kazakhstan has a strict labor management system that requires more use of its own labor force. However, the labor market in Kazakhstan shows the following characteristics: the skill level does not match with the demand of the employer, the supply of mature industrial workers exceeds the demand, and it cannot meet the needs of development. However, due to the restriction of educational level, the professional literacy of the educator is relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the quality of foreign training workers. Compared with other provinces, Xinjiang has more obvious geo-cultural advantages. As the capital of Xinjiang, Urumqi has achieved a high level of development in politics, economy, science and technology and culture, and has strong economic strength, so it is in a position to further open up to the west. Establish a professional training base for labor cooperation in Central Asia. In addition, the construction of the training base also provides a platform for the upgrading of the quality of the local labor force in Xinjiang and enhances its domestic and international competitiveness. Furthermore, according to the demand of Kazakhstan for high-quality labor force and mature industrial workers, the corresponding labor export is organized, which not only realizes the transfer of surplus labor force in our country, but also meets the needs of industrial workers in Kazakhstan, and realizes the win-win situation. From the perspective of economic cooperation, this paper analyzes the political, economic and cultural environment of labor cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan in detail, and draws a conclusion that the labor cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan has a good foundation for development. Based on the analysis of the feasibility of labor cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan, it is concluded that Xinjiang has absolute advantage and relative advantage in the export of labor services to Kazakhstan, but at present the quantity of labor cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan is low and the mode of cooperation is single. The empirical results of the modified trade gravity model show that the elasticity coefficient of the total population to the economic cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan is 12.64619, and the elasticity coefficient of labor cooperation is 1.27898. Both have a more significant impact on economic cooperation. Then according to the results of the analysis, the paper puts forward the establishment of labor cooperation training base in Urumqi, and briefly analyzes the model of the base from five aspects: government, training coordination organization, education institution, social organization and enterprise. Finally, based on the analysis results of the previous chapters, the author puts forward some suggestions for further expanding the export of labor services from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan and the countermeasures for perfecting the training of labor service training base.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F125.4;F249.2

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