我国中等收入群体的生存现状研究
发布时间：2019-03-08 07:58
【摘要】：中等收入群体是“橄榄型”社会最重要的组成部分,在一国经济发展中起到“稳定器”和“推进器”的作用,是拉动内需最强有力的力量。在我国“金字塔型”社会结构中,中低收入群体是社会结构的主体,高收入和低收入群体在资源禀赋及初始条件方面的差异,进一步拉大了社会收入差距,并导致中等收入群体规模不断缩小。 本文选取群体规模变动、收入结构、住房支出、教育支出四个指标来研究我国城镇中等收入群体的生存现状。住房和教育是家庭的刚性需求,住房和教育消费占家庭收入的比重大小,反映中等收入家庭的消费结构是否合理,能否保持较高的生活质量；收入结构中固定收入比重大小反映中等收入家庭对抗通货膨胀的能力；中等收入群体规模反映社会收入分配状况,也从侧面反映了中等收入群体的经济状况和生存压力。对这四个指标进行分析,能够比较全面的反映中等收入群体的生存现状。从而为扩大中等收入群体比重、提高中等收入群体生活质量,提供了有效参考。 本文采用收入法对中等收入群体进行测算,以社会平均收入及其自身的两倍作为界定中等收入群体收入的下限和上限,通过对2004年至2011年中等收入户城镇居民收支数据的静态分析和动态分析,分析我国中等收入群体规模的变动趋势,研究结果表明,随着高收入的持续增高,以及社会收入差距的进一步扩大,我国城镇中等收入群体的规模是不断缩小的。通过对居民收入结构的分析,发现城镇中等收入群体的收入主要来源于固定收入,对抗通货膨胀的能力小。再以上海为例,通过对上海城镇居民家庭收入、住房价格、教育费用的比较和分析,得出上海的中等收入群体在住房和教育方面承受着巨大的压力。由于上海代表了我国住房价格的最高水平,居民承受的住房压力不代表全国平均水平,但中等收入群体的分布也呈现区域性,与其他城市和区域相比,上海的中等收入群体规模大,平均收入水平高,因此以上海作为例证,有一定合理性。 最后本文从缩小收入差距、改善收入结构、抑制房价、增加教育投入等角度,对扩大中等收入群体规模、提高中等收入群体生活质量提出建议。
[Abstract]:Middle-income group is the most important part of "olive" society. It plays the role of "stabilizer" and "thruster" in a country's economic development, and is the most powerful force to stimulate domestic demand. In our country's "pyramid" social structure, the low-and middle-income group is the main body of the social structure, and the difference between the high-income group and the low-income group in terms of resource endowment and initial conditions has further widened the social income gap. And lead to the size of the middle-income group continues to shrink. In this paper, we choose four indexes of group size change, income structure, housing expenditure and education expenditure to study the survival status of middle-income groups in cities and towns of our country. Housing and education are the rigid needs of families. The proportion of consumption of housing and education in household income reflects whether the consumption structure of middle-income families is reasonable and whether they can maintain a higher quality of life. The proportion of fixed income in the income structure reflects the ability of middle-income families to fight inflation, and the size of middle-income groups reflects the distribution of social income, as well as the economic situation and survival pressure of middle-income groups. The analysis of these four indicators can reflect the survival status of middle-income groups in an all-round way. Thus, it provides an effective reference for enlarging the proportion of middle-income group and improving the quality of life of middle-income group. This article uses the income method to measure the middle-income group, taking the social average income and its own double as the lower and upper limit of the middle-income group's income. Through the static analysis and dynamic analysis of the income and expenditure data of middle-income urban residents from 2004 to 2011, this paper analyzes the changing trend of the middle-income group in China. The results show that with the continuous increase of high income, As well as the further expansion of the social income gap, the scale of middle-income groups in cities and towns in China is constantly shrinking. Through the analysis of residents' income structure, it is found that the income of urban middle-income group mainly comes from fixed income, and the ability to fight inflation is small. Taking Shanghai as an example, through the comparison and analysis of the household income, housing price and education cost of the urban residents in Shanghai, it is concluded that the middle-income group in Shanghai is under great pressure in housing and education. Since Shanghai represents the highest level of housing prices in China, the housing pressure borne by residents does not represent the national average level, but the distribution of middle-income groups is also regional, compared with other cities and regions. Shanghai's middle-income group is large in size and its average income level is high, so it is reasonable to take Shanghai as an example. Finally, from the angles of narrowing the income gap, improving the income structure, restraining the house price and increasing the investment in education, this paper puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the scale of the middle-income group and improving the quality of life of the middle-income group.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7
本文编号：2436594
[Abstract]:Middle-income group is the most important part of "olive" society. It plays the role of "stabilizer" and "thruster" in a country's economic development, and is the most powerful force to stimulate domestic demand. In our country's "pyramid" social structure, the low-and middle-income group is the main body of the social structure, and the difference between the high-income group and the low-income group in terms of resource endowment and initial conditions has further widened the social income gap. And lead to the size of the middle-income group continues to shrink. In this paper, we choose four indexes of group size change, income structure, housing expenditure and education expenditure to study the survival status of middle-income groups in cities and towns of our country. Housing and education are the rigid needs of families. The proportion of consumption of housing and education in household income reflects whether the consumption structure of middle-income families is reasonable and whether they can maintain a higher quality of life. The proportion of fixed income in the income structure reflects the ability of middle-income families to fight inflation, and the size of middle-income groups reflects the distribution of social income, as well as the economic situation and survival pressure of middle-income groups. The analysis of these four indicators can reflect the survival status of middle-income groups in an all-round way. Thus, it provides an effective reference for enlarging the proportion of middle-income group and improving the quality of life of middle-income group. This article uses the income method to measure the middle-income group, taking the social average income and its own double as the lower and upper limit of the middle-income group's income. Through the static analysis and dynamic analysis of the income and expenditure data of middle-income urban residents from 2004 to 2011, this paper analyzes the changing trend of the middle-income group in China. The results show that with the continuous increase of high income, As well as the further expansion of the social income gap, the scale of middle-income groups in cities and towns in China is constantly shrinking. Through the analysis of residents' income structure, it is found that the income of urban middle-income group mainly comes from fixed income, and the ability to fight inflation is small. Taking Shanghai as an example, through the comparison and analysis of the household income, housing price and education cost of the urban residents in Shanghai, it is concluded that the middle-income group in Shanghai is under great pressure in housing and education. Since Shanghai represents the highest level of housing prices in China, the housing pressure borne by residents does not represent the national average level, but the distribution of middle-income groups is also regional, compared with other cities and regions. Shanghai's middle-income group is large in size and its average income level is high, so it is reasonable to take Shanghai as an example. Finally, from the angles of narrowing the income gap, improving the income structure, restraining the house price and increasing the investment in education, this paper puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the scale of the middle-income group and improving the quality of life of the middle-income group.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7
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