细水雾幕抑制火灾烟气蔓延的实验研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 02:04

本文关键词：细水雾幕抑制火灾烟气蔓延的实验研究　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：火灾发生时因烟气造成的人员伤亡往往是很严重的,因此,防控烟措施的好坏直接关系到火场中人员的生命安全。本文对现有火灾烟气控制方法进行了总结,发现现有的防排烟方法基本集中在通过自然通风或机械通风将烟气排出火灾场所,但这些方法往往对通风口位置布置、火场内外压差及通风量等有比较高的要求；一些挡烟垂壁或防火门、卷帘等也能够起到挡烟的作用,但它们或对烟气阻挡的时间有限,或将烟气阻挡后彻底的封锁了疏散通道。细水雾作为哈龙灭火剂的一种清洁高效的替代品越来越受到人们的青睐,在细水雾优点基础上发展形成的细水雾幕,能够很好地弥补现有防排烟措施存在的不足。本研究发明了新型细水雾幕喷头,模拟走廊通道搭建了细水雾幕抑制火灾烟气蔓延的实验台。在考虑细水雾幕特性及细水雾幕的施加本身对实验环境条件影响的前提下,开展了两种细水雾幕喷头(喷头Ⅰ与喷头Ⅱ)在不同喷雾压力下形成的细水雾幕抑制烟气蔓延实验及增大烟气生成量时不同压力细水雾幕抑制烟气蔓延实验工作。发现细水雾幕有效地抑制了火灾烟气蔓延。施加细水雾幕可以将烟气温度降低75%;细水雾幕喷头Ⅱ与喷头Ⅰ比,可以更好的抑制火灾烟气蔓延：细水雾幕喷头Ⅱ在2.0MPa喷雾压力下将烟气的光学密度从0.91dB/m降低到0.15dB/m,即,使火场能见度从不到2m提高到8.5m。而细水雾幕喷头Ⅰ,则在2.5MPa压力下才有明显抑制烟气蔓延的效果,烟气的光学密度可以降低到0.17dB/m,即,能见度为7.5m。在2.0MPa喷雾压力下喷头Ⅱ形成的细水雾幕可以使烟气通过幕的时间出现25s的延迟,而喷头Ⅰ在2.5MPa喷雾压力下没有出现任何时间上的延迟。火灾烟气增大后造成了细水雾幕抑制火灾烟气蔓延的困难,当喷雾压力达到3.0MPa时将烟气阻挡在着火侧。
[Abstract]:When the fire occurs due to smoke caused casualties are very serious, therefore, the prevention and control measures of tobacco is directly related to the staff's life safety. This paper summarizes the existing methods of fire smoke control, smoke control found that the existing methods focus on natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation through the discharge of flue gas fire place but, these methods tend to vent position layout, fire pressure difference between inside and outside and the ventilation quantity is relatively high; some smoke or fire shutter door wall, also can play the role of smoke, but they are of limited time or the flue gas barrier, or the flue gas barrier thoroughly after the blockade of the evacuation channel. Water mist as a clean and efficient halon fire extinguishing agent substitutes more and more people of all ages, the water mist curtain formed in the development of water mist based on advantages, can well make up now There is a shortage of measures to prevent and exhaust smoke.
In this study, the invention of a new type of water mist curtain nozzle, corridor simulation test bench was built of water mist suppression curtain fire and smoke spread. In consideration of water mist curtain characteristics and water mist curtain exerts itself influence on the environmental conditions of the premise, to carry out two kinds of water mist curtain nozzle (nozzle type and fine nozzle II) water spray curtain to prevent smoke formed in different spray pressure under different pressure water mist suppression curtain smoke spread experiment and increased smoke production when the spread of experimental work.
Found the water mist curtain can effectively inhibit the fire and smoke spread. Applying water mist curtain of smoke can be reduced 75% temperature; water mist nozzle and nozzle of Act II, suppression of fire smoke can be better spread: water mist curtain nozzle in 2.0MPa spray under the pressure of the gas optical density decreased from 0.91dB/m to 0.15dB/m, i.e. the fire, never to 2m to 8.5m. to improve visibility and water mist curtain nozzle is 1, under the pressure of 2.5MPa was significantly inhibited the smoke spreading effect, optical density of the flue gas can be reduced to 0.17dB/m, i.e., water mist scene visibility is 7.5m. in 2.0MPa under the pressure of the spray nozzle can make flue gas through the formation of the scene time delay of 25s, and 1 in 2.5MPa under the pressure of the spray nozzle without any time delay. After increasing the fire smoke caused water mist fire suppression curtain of smoke spread is difficult, when the spray pressure Up to 3.0MPa when the flue gas barrier on fire side.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X932;X928.7

【相似文献】