基于改进LOPA技术的烟花爆竹生产行业安全评价方法应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 13:31

本文关键词：基于改进LOPA技术的烟花爆竹生产行业安全评价方法应用研究　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 烟花爆竹 LOPA 安全评价 事故场景

【摘要】：我国现在是世界上最大的烟花爆竹出口国，拥有大量的烟花爆竹生产企业。作为一种生产爆炸性的危险物品高危行业，近年来重特大伤亡事故频发，给人们的生命安全和财产造成严重威胁。在这种情况下，对烟花爆竹生产企业进行合理的安全评价就显得极为重要，但是至今为没有针对该行业的安全评价方法，迫切地需要一种更加有针对性的、科学合理的安全评价方法。目前，烟花爆竹企业通常采用定性评价方法，存在无法对整个生产工艺或生产线进行风险量化，无法深入分析危险、有害因素，不能实现安全评价的目的问题。同时，LOPA作为一种高效简洁的半定量评价法，在定性评价的基础上运用数学公式进行风险量化，解决了现有评价方法无法解决的问题。本文对烟花爆竹生产企业生产中的危险因素辨识；分析得出烟花爆竹生产过程中的事故灾害特点。确定LOPA分析所要研究的事故场景，同时发现LOPA在解决这些类型的复杂事故场景的处理上存在一定缺陷，对独立保护层的严格定义限制了其应用范围。针对其中典型的“多个始发事件导致同一后果”事故场景，提出了求和法与最大值法选择性策略，拓展LOPA该事故场景下应用的有效性。并进一步针对该场景下被动型保护层不完全有效的情况，引入了后果减少系数σ，提出了基于事故后果修正的方案，使事故发生频率计算结果更接近实际值，最终提高LOPA分析的准确度。结合烟花爆竹生产企业实例，运用改进后的LOPA进行分析，选取常见的工人混合药物时，药物粉尘达到爆炸极限引发爆炸事故场景，得出其事故场景的风险等级为很高，超出企业的可接受范围。其结论与BZA-1评价结果相符。并提供了更可靠地风险判断，给出了场景频率和后果的具体数值，并帮助工厂决定操作、维护以及相关培训的重点放在哪些防护层上。为烟花爆竹的生产企业采取相应的安全措施及解决方案提供了科学的依据，在风险评价方面也是一次新的探索。
[Abstract]:China is now the largest exporter of fireworks and firecrackers in the world, with a large number of fireworks and firecrackers production enterprises. In this case, it is very important to evaluate the reasonable safety of fireworks and firecrackers production enterprises. However, there is no safety evaluation method for this industry, so it is urgent to have a more targeted, scientific and reasonable safety evaluation method. At present, fireworks and firecrackers enterprises usually use qualitative evaluation method, which can not quantify the risk of the whole production process or production line, can not in-depth analysis of dangerous and harmful factors. Lopa, as a highly efficient and concise semi-quantitative evaluation method, uses mathematical formula to quantify risk on the basis of qualitative evaluation. The existing evaluation methods can not solve the problem. This paper identifies the risk factors in the production of fireworks and firecrackers. The characteristics of accidents and disasters in the production of fireworks and firecrackers are analyzed. The accident scenarios to be studied by LOPA analysis are determined. At the same time, it is found that LOPA has some defects in dealing with these types of complex accident scenarios. The strict definition of independent protection layer limits its scope of application. In view of the typical accident scenario of "multiple initial events lead to the same consequence", the summation method and the maximum value method are proposed. This paper extends the effectiveness of the application of LOPA in the accident scenario. Furthermore, aiming at the situation that the passive protective layer is not completely effective in this scenario, the consequence reduction coefficient 蟽 is introduced, and a scheme based on the accident consequence correction is proposed. The calculation result of accident frequency is closer to the actual value, and the accuracy of LOPA analysis is improved. Combined with the example of fireworks and firecracker production enterprises, the improved LOPA was used to analyze, when the common workers mixed drugs, the drug dust reached the explosion limit and triggered the explosion accident scene. It is concluded that the risk level of the accident scenario is very high, which is beyond the acceptable range of the enterprise. The conclusion is consistent with the BZA-1 evaluation results, and provides a more reliable risk judgment. The specific values of the frequency and consequences of the scenario are given, and the factory is assisted in deciding how to operate. The emphasis of maintenance and related training is on which protective layers. It provides a scientific basis for the enterprises producing fireworks and firecrackers to take corresponding safety measures and solutions, and it is also a new exploration in risk assessment.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ560.8;TQ086

【共引文献】