轨道客车碰撞被动安全性研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 11:33

本文关键词： 卧铺客车耐碰撞性吸能元件二次碰撞安全评价　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：铁路运输以其独特的优势在我国交通运输中扮演了重要角色,是国民经济发展的先导,随着城市化进程的加快和人民物质文化水平的提高,旅客运输正向着高速、安全、舒适的方向发展。然而,高速行驶的列车一旦发生碰撞事故,将导致旅客生命、财产的巨大损失,时有发生的碰撞事故给人们敲醒了警钟,向人们昭示着研究车辆被动安全防护技术的必要性。本文在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,讨论了耐碰撞轨道车辆设计及仿真中的关键技术,研究了轨道客车的被动安全防护系统及乘员安全。论文首先对轨道车辆碰撞动态非线性有限元基本原理进行了介绍,主要包括基本力学方程和求解算法；对动态非线性有限元中显示中心差分法、质量缩放、沙漏问题的控制及刚性墙的处理等关键技术问题进行了系统得说明。其次以某200km/h卧铺客车为基体,研究设计了其被动安全防护系统。通过采用LS-DYNA中离散梁单元并配以119#材料,对钩缓装置的特性进行了真实的模拟；通过调研相关文献吸能装置,设计了6种不同结构、形状的吸能元件,选取性能最好的作为最终方案；通过合理得削弱客车端部结构的板厚及加开减载孔,使得客车纵向刚度呈现“弱-强-弱”分布,将车体端部弱刚度结构设计为吸能区域。然后针对目前轨道车辆碰撞仿真中对轮、轨及车体与转向架连接关系模拟高度简化的现状,提出建立实际的、详细的轮、轨有限元模型来更真实得模拟轮轨接触关系；建立中心销、牵引拉杆实际有限元模型,通过做接触来模拟车体与转向架的牵引装置；采用LS-DYNA中离散梁单元并配以66#材料来模拟空气弹簧的特性。最后根据欧洲标准EN12663,选取13个常见的、恶劣的静强度工况对200km/h卧铺客车进行强度验证；根据标准EN15227及参考相关文献,设计6个典型的碰撞工况,验证客车被动安全防护系统的耐撞性,重点考察其加速度、变形及吸能特性；借鉴汽车领域成熟的乘员安全评价方法,建立卧铺车厢的详细结构,对典型工况下的乘员二次碰撞进行研究,重点讨论比较了不同姿态、不同位置、不同性别的乘员受伤情况。
[Abstract]:Railway transportation, with its unique advantages, plays an important role in the transportation of our country and is the forerunner of the development of national economy. With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the improvement of people's material and cultural level. Passenger transportation is developing towards the direction of high speed, safety and comfort. However, once the high-speed train collides with each other, it will lead to great loss of passengers' lives and property. The frequent collision accidents have awakened people's alarm and revealed the necessity of studying the passive safety protection technology of vehicles. This paper summarizes the current situation of research at home and abroad. This paper discusses the key technologies in the design and simulation of collision-resistant rail vehicles, and studies the passive safety protection system and crew safety of rail passenger cars. Firstly, the basic principle of nonlinear finite element method for rail vehicle collision is introduced, including the basic mechanics equation and solving algorithm. The key technical problems in dynamic nonlinear finite element, such as central difference method, mass scaling, control of hourglass problem and treatment of rigid wall, are systematically explained. Secondly, based on a 200km / h sleeper bus, the passive safety protection system is designed. The discrete beam element in LS-DYNA is used with 119# material. The characteristics of the hook retarder are simulated. Based on the investigation of the energy absorption devices, six kinds of energy absorption elements with different structures and shapes are designed, and the best performance is selected as the final scheme. By reasonably weakening the plate thickness of the end structure of the bus and opening the load reduction hole, the longitudinal stiffness of the bus presents a "weak-strong-weak" distribution, and the weak stiffness structure of the end part of the car body is designed as an energy absorption region. Then in view of the current rail vehicle collision simulation simulation of the wheel, rail and car body and bogie connection simulation of the status quo, proposed to establish a practical, detailed wheel. The rail finite element model is used to simulate the wheel-rail contact relationship more truthfully. The actual finite element model of the central pin and the traction rod is established, and the traction device between the car body and the bogie is simulated by making contact. The discrete beam element in LS-DYNA was used to simulate the characteristics of air spring with material 66 #. Finally, according to the European standard EN12663, 13 common, bad static strength conditions are selected to verify the strength of 200km / h sleeper bus. According to the standard EN15227 and reference literature, six typical collision conditions are designed to verify the collision resistance of the passive safety protection system of passenger cars, and the acceleration, deformation and energy absorption characteristics of the passive safety protection system are investigated. Referring to the mature method of passenger safety evaluation in automobile field, the detailed structure of sleeper compartment is established, the second collision of occupant under typical working condition is studied, and the different posture and position are discussed and compared. Injuries to passengers of different genders.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U270.1;U298

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