基于安全人机工程学的挖掘机驾驶室设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 13:20

本文关键词： 挖掘机驾驶室安全人机工程学数字化设计造型设计　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：安全人机工程学是以安全为角度和着眼点,运用人机工程学的原理和方法解决人机结合面的安全问题的一门新兴学科。随着社会的发展,工业产品竞争的不断增强,单纯的功能和实用已不能满足人们的需求。安全性、人性化和高效性成为工业领域追求的主要目标,安全人机工程学在挖掘机驾驶室中的应用不仅有利于提高挖掘机产品的安全性,而且有利于提高工程机械产品的附加值,从而增强我国工程机械行业的竞争力。本文采用基于安全人机工程学的基本原理,利用H点和眼椭圆相结合的方法,对挖掘机驾驶室的内部布局、座椅、控制装置、显示装置等,进行了人机工程学方面的设计研究,并通过工业设计方法对驾驶室的整体外观造型和内室布置及色彩搭配进行了设计,完成了对挖掘机驾驶室的设计任务,对提高挖掘机驾驶室的整体安全性、操作的舒适性和工作效率的提高具有积极意义。本文的主要研究内容和特色如下:(1)综述了国内外挖掘机驾驶室设计方面研究现状,基于安全人机工程学的基本原理,提出了适合国内人体尺寸的挖掘机驾驶室基本设计思想。通过问卷调查法、测量法等手段计算出适合国内挖掘机的驾驶员身材尺寸。为此后的挖掘机安全设计提供了设计基准。(2)利用安全人机工程学的相关原理,从人—机—作业环境三个方面对挖掘机驾驶室进行分析研究。分别从人的生理及心理对挖掘机驾驶员的需求和特性;在此基础上对挖掘机的作业环境,如温度、湿度、振动、噪声等方面存在的问题进行归纳;对挖掘机驾驶室的安全色使用进行定义和设计,并且说明了光环境对于挖掘机驾驶员作业安全的影响及理论约束条件。(3)阐述了 H点和眼椭圆理论在挖掘机驾驶室设计中的应用,分析并得出了适用于国内驾驶员挖掘机驾驶室的H点以及眼椭圆数据。并以此为基础对挖掘机驾驶室的整体内部布局进行合理设计,其中包括对于挖掘机驾驶室内仪表盘、座椅、控制器、作业环境等方面的安全问题提出改善措施,以减少驾驶员的误操作可能性,提高驾驶员的作业安全性和工作舒适度。(4)在上述安全人机工程学研究的基础上,对挖掘机的驾驶室进行了外观设计,完成了包括驾驶室整体造型设计、驾驶室内部功能布置,并将所研究的座椅、操作台、控制器等安全人机工程学数据应用于设计之中,完成了最终的设计结果和输出。
[Abstract]:Safety ergonomics is a new subject which uses the principle and method of ergonomics to solve the safety problem of man-machine interface. With the development of society, safety ergonomics is a new subject. With the increasing competition of industrial products, the simple function and practicality can not meet the needs of people. Safety, humanization and efficiency have become the main goals of the industrial field. The application of safety ergonomics in the cab of excavator is not only helpful to improve the safety of excavator products, but also to improve the added value of construction machinery products. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the construction machinery industry in China, this paper adopts the basic principles of safety ergonomics, using the method of H point and eye ellipse, to the internal layout of excavator cab, seat. The control device, display device and so on, carried on the ergonomics aspect design research, and through the industrial design method has carried on the design to the cab overall appearance modelling and the inner chamber arrangement and the color match has carried on the design. The design task of the excavator cab is completed, and the overall safety of the excavator cab is improved. The main research contents and characteristics of this paper are as follows: 1) the research status of excavator cab design at home and abroad is summarized. Based on the basic principle of safety ergonomics, this paper puts forward the basic design idea of excavator cab suitable for human body size in China. Measurement method and other means to calculate the size of the driver suitable for domestic excavators. For the subsequent excavator safety design provides a design benchmark. 2) the use of safety ergonomics related principles. This paper analyzes and studies the excavator cab from the three aspects of man-machine-working environment, and analyzes the demands and characteristics of the excavator driver from human physiology and psychology respectively. On this basis, the working environment of excavator, such as temperature, humidity, vibration, noise and other problems are summarized. Define and design the safe color of excavator cab. The influence of light environment on the safety of excavator driver and the theoretical constraint condition. (3) the application of H point and eye ellipse theory in the design of excavator cab is also explained. The H point and eye ellipse data suitable for domestic driver excavator cab are analyzed and obtained. Based on this, reasonable design of the whole internal layout of excavator cab is carried out. Including the excavator cab for the dashboard, seats, controllers, operating environment and other aspects of safety improvement measures to reduce the possibility of misoperation of the driver. On the basis of the above safety ergonomics research, the exterior design of the cab of the excavator has been carried out, including the integral modeling design of the cab. The internal function of cab is arranged, and the safety ergonomics data such as seats, manipulators and controllers are applied to the design, and the final design results and outputs are completed.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU621;X912.9

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