莫高窟洪水风险预警应急体系建设

发布时间：2018-01-28 21:31

本文关键词： 洪水预警洪水应急文化遗产保护　出处：《兰州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：敦煌莫高窟是全人类的共同文化和精神财富,具有普遍的、突出的价值。维护莫高窟世界文化遗产地的真实性和完整性,使其价值不受损失,是莫高窟爱护者、管理者、保护者和参观者的共同目标。千百年来,大泉河在造福莫高窟的同时,其洪水问题也成为莫高窟保护的重要风险。当大泉河遭遇特大洪水风险时,莫高窟也受到窟顶渗水、壁画空鼓、霉变、窟内进水淤积泥沙等一系列危害,造成的损失不可估量。预防性保护是在文化遗产发生损害前,积极采取措施,以使文化遗产的损害降至最小化或避免损害,这一理念得到了广泛认同,并积极的实践于文化遗产地保护工作之中。在该理念的指导下,建立莫高窟洪水风险预警应急体系,使大泉河在发生洪水危害前,就及时的预报、预警洪水风险,并且采取积极有效的应急措施,为莫高窟文物和游客人身安全提供保护措施,实现莫高窟的“永久”保存等都具有十分重要的意义。本文总结了国内外洪水风险预警应急体系建设和应用的研究成果,并结合世界文化遗产地保护特征,以莫高窟保护为中心,对莫高窟东临的大泉河的气象特征、地形地貌特征和洪水时空特征进行了详细分析。在此基础上,确立了莫高窟洪水风险预警体系的预警监控网点,明确了预警洪水风险的监控内容和监控时间,构建了以室外建站——监测站点全自动实时监测流域降雨和洪水情况;空间数据传输——移动通信或卫星实时传输数据;室内预测——室内实时监控预测为一体的莫高窟洪水风险预警体系,实现了对莫高窟洪水风险的自动快速预警。同时在对莫高窟洪水风险等级划分成果和洪水风险评估的基础上,结合世界文化遗产地保护特征和《莫高窟风险管理指南》中的管理要求,对接莫高窟洪水风险预警体系,构建了莫高窟洪水风险应急响应机制,明确了莫高窟洪水风险应急响应机制的机构组成和职能,并规定了洪水风险应急响应流程和保障措施。实现了莫高窟在遭遇洪水侵害时,保护人员能快速指挥调度并采取积极有效保护措施,尽最大可能消除或减少损失。
[Abstract]:The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are the common cultural and spiritual wealth of all mankind and have universal and outstanding value. The common goal of managers, protectors and visitors. For thousands of years, the flood problem of the Daquan River has become an important risk for the protection of the Mogao Grottoes while bringing benefits to the Mogao Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes also suffered from a series of hazards, such as water seepage on the top of the grottoes, murals empty drums, mildew, siltation and silt in the caves, which caused incalculable damage. Preventive protection is to take active measures before the cultural heritage damage. In order to minimize or avoid the damage of cultural heritage, this concept has been widely accepted, and actively practiced in the protection of cultural heritage. Under the guidance of this concept. The flood risk early warning and emergency response system in Mogao Grottoes is established to make the Daquan River timely forecast and early warning flood risk before flood hazard occurs and take active and effective emergency measures. To provide protection measures for the cultural relics of Mogao Grottoes and the personal safety of tourists. It is of great significance to realize the "permanent" preservation of Mogao Grottoes. This paper summarizes the research results of the construction and application of flood risk early warning emergency system at home and abroad, and combines with the characteristics of the protection of world cultural heritage sites. Taking the protection of Mogao Grottoes as the center, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the meteorological characteristics, landform features and flood space-time characteristics of the Daquan River near the east of the Mogao Grottoes. Established the Mogao Grottoes flood risk warning system early warning monitoring network, defined the early warning flood risk monitoring content and monitoring time. The automatic real-time monitoring of rainfall and flood in the watershed is constructed by building the outdoor station and monitoring station. Spatial data transmission-mobile communications or satellite real-time transmission of data; The flood risk warning system of Mogao Grottoes is integrated with indoor real-time monitoring and forecasting. At the same time, on the basis of the results of flood risk classification and flood risk assessment of Mogao Grottoes. Combined with the protection characteristics of the world cultural heritage site and the management requirements in the "Mogao Grottoes risk Management Guide", the flood risk early warning system of the Mogao Grottoes is connected, and the emergency response mechanism of the Flood risk in the Mogao Grottoes is constructed. The organization composition and function of the flood risk emergency response mechanism in Mogao Grottoes are clarified, and the flood risk emergency response flow and safeguard measures are stipulated. Protection personnel can quickly command and dispatch and take active and effective protection measures to eliminate or reduce losses as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X43

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