考虑风险公平性的危险品道路运输路径优化研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 10:24

本文关键词： 危险品道路运输路径优化风险公平性多目标规划　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济快速提升和市场化迅猛加深,化学工业代表我国经济产业的重要组成部分也在不断发展,危险品是化学原材料及其成品的重要组成部分,使得危险品的需求量也越来越大。对于危险货物的运输,航空以及铁路等运输方式都存在不小的局限性,所以大部分危险品是采用道路运输的方式。数量庞大的运输危险品的车辆行驶在道路上,变成了一车车不稳定的危险源,使得运输管理的任务变得非常的困难。当地政府、运输企业和运输路段周边的居民需要相互协作、共同努力来应对大量的不同种类的危险品运输车辆通过某路段或某些路段的问题。在危险品运输时各个参与方都站在自身角度考虑问题:政府部门考虑的是把发生事故的概率降到最低,同时把发生事故后果的损失减少到最小,并且根据公众的意愿考虑风险的公平性问题;而运输企业则是追求自己的最大利益,通常考虑的是如何缩短运输时间、降低运输费用等方面的问题。当前面临的难题是怎样才能在保证绝对安全而又比较经济的危险品运输的前提下,比较好的协调各个危险品运输参与方之间的利益关系。本文首先介绍了目前西方发达国家与我国就危险货物道路运输领域中的风险度量、路线优化以及风险公平性的研究情况,分析了其发展方向以及尚存的主要问题,并提出了本文的具体研究内容;与传统所采用的风险公平性有所不同,本文从大众的立场考虑风险的公平性,并提出了风险公平性新含义和量化模型;在此基础上,以最小化运输总风险、总运费最少以及总风险补偿成本最低为目标,构建了危险货物道路运输的多目标路径优化模型;该模型同时考虑了不同种类不同批次以及有路段容量限制等约束条件的危险品运输,相比于单一种类或单一批次危险品的运输更符合实际情况;针对所构建的多目标非线性整数规划模型,本文在改进线性加权法的基础上提出了新的求解算法;最后对成都市危险品在公路上运输进行实例分析,通过MATLAB软件寻求出满意的运输方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the rapid deepening of marketization, the chemical industry represents an important part of the economic industry in China, and dangerous goods are an important part of chemical raw materials and their finished products. The demand for dangerous goods is also increasing. There are many limitations to the transportation of dangerous goods, aviation and railways. So most of the dangerous goods are transported by road. A large number of vehicles that transport dangerous goods on the road become a dangerous source of instability for a car, which makes the task of transportation management very difficult. The local government, Transport enterprises and residents around transport sections need to cooperate with each other, Work together to deal with the problem of a large number of different types of dangerous goods transport vehicles passing through a section or sections of the road. In the transport of dangerous goods, each participant considers the problem from its own perspective: the government is concerned with sending. The probability of accidents is minimized. At the same time, it minimizes the loss of the consequences of the accident, and considers the fairness of the risk according to the public's wishes, while the transport company pursues its own best interests, usually considering how to shorten the transportation time. The current problem is how to ensure the transportation of dangerous goods that is absolutely safe and more economical. Firstly, this paper introduces the research on risk measurement, route optimization and risk fairness in the field of road transport of dangerous goods in western developed countries and China. This paper analyzes the direction of its development and the main remaining problems, and puts forward the specific research content of this paper, which is different from the traditional risk fairness, this paper considers the fairness of risk from the standpoint of the public. A new definition and quantification model of risk equity are put forward, and the multi-objective route optimization model of road transportation of dangerous goods is constructed with the aim of minimizing the total transportation risk, the minimum total freight cost and the lowest total risk compensation cost, on the basis of which a multi-objective path optimization model for road transport of dangerous goods is constructed. The model also considers the transportation of dangerous goods with different kinds of different batches and restricted conditions such as section capacity, which is more suitable to the actual situation than the transportation of single type or single batch of dangerous goods. According to the multi-objective nonlinear integer programming model, this paper proposes a new algorithm on the basis of the improved linear weighting method, and finally analyzes the transportation of dangerous goods on the highway in Chengdu. Through the MATLAB software to find out a satisfactory transport program.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.81

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