基于ATHEANA的地铁站应急管理中的人因失误研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 23:57

本文关键词： 地铁站应急管理人因失误 ATHEANA　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断推进,以方便、快捷、安全、运力大为优势的地铁成为了城市交通运输中必不可少的一环,而地铁站作为地铁系统与乘客产生直接接触的场所,其安全的重要性日益凸显。在已建成并投入运营的情况下,由自然灾害、地铁在设计阶段的线路布置、设备的可靠性和稳定性等问题造成的地铁突发故障时有发生。因而,在这些非正常状态下如何实现高效的应急处置、减少人因失误,就成为了人们关注的焦点。为此,本文基于ATHEANA方法对地铁站应急管理中可能出现的人因失误进行了研究,并给出了原因分析和对策措施。首先,确定地铁站突发事件流程。本文通过调研和查阅文献资料,确定了地铁站突发事件共有14种。在现有文件将应急处置流程分为信息报告与沟通、应急处置两部分基础上,基于班组对事故的认知过程将应急流程进一步细化为征兆觉察、决策、计划和行动执行四个阶段,并画出了框架图。其次,构建了地铁站人因失误分析程序并识别出人因失误行为。本文通过Reason的不安全行为分类模型和人因事故树对ATHEANA的人因失误事件(HFE)和不安全行为(UA)的识别程序进行了优化,进而建立起适用于与地铁站的人因失误模型。通过该模型共识别出22个HFE和52个UA。最后,对不安全行为发生的原因进行了分析并给出了对策措施。基于ATHEANA,本文对52个UA的迫使失误情景(发生原因)分别进行了分析,并分别提出了对策措施。进而通过制定和发放EFC问卷,在确定了北京地铁下属车站的应急情况的前提下,提出了其所辖地铁站需重点关注的人因失误事件。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the subway, which is convenient, fast, safe and powerful, has become an indispensable link in urban transportation, and subway station is the place where the subway system has direct contact with passengers. Its safety is becoming more and more important. When it has been built and put into operation, the problems caused by natural disasters, the layout of subway lines in the design stage, the reliability and stability of equipment, and so on, occur from time to time. Under these abnormal conditions, how to realize efficient emergency disposal and reduce human error has become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the ATHEANA method, this paper studies the possible human error in subway emergency management. The causes and countermeasures are given. First of all, the emergency flow of subway station is determined. There are 14 kinds of emergency in subway station. On the basis of the information report and communication in the existing documents, the emergency process is further refined into symptom detection based on the team's cognition of the accident. Decision making, planning and action execution are four stages, and a framework diagram is drawn. The human error analysis program of subway station is constructed and the human error behavior is identified. This paper optimizes the identification program of human error event and unsafe behavior of ATHEANA by using the classification model of unsafe behavior of Reason and the tree of human accident. Then a human error model for the subway station was established. 22 HFE and 52 UAs were identified by the model. Finally, The causes of unsafe behavior are analyzed and countermeasures are given. Based on ATHEANAA, this paper analyzes 52 UA forced error scenarios (causes of occurrence). And then through the formulation and distribution of EFC questionnaire, on the premise of determining the emergency situation of Beijing subway stations, the human error events which need to be paid more attention to in the subway stations under its jurisdiction are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298

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