某钢厂冷床热环境的Airpak模拟分析及热害控制技术

发布时间：2018-02-27 20:30

本文关键词： 高温热辐射协同作用综合评价热害控制 Airpak　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展和社会的进步，人们日益关注作业环境的职业卫生情况。轧钢车间的冷床上有大量的刚刚轧制的螺纹钢在自然冷却，所以冷床周围作业点存在高温热辐射危害。此外这些作业点还存在噪声职业危害，研究表明高温和噪声会产生协同作用，使得作业人员承受更大的职业危害风险从而加重对人体健康的损害。本文首先构建了Airpak模型对冷床作业点的热环境进行了模拟，并效验了模型的准确性；然后构建了基于高温和噪声协同作用的职业危害综合评价模型对冷床作业点的职业危害进行综合评价；最后通过Airpak软件模拟来探究高温热辐射的控制方法。以原始的数据资料为基础构建的Airpak模型所模拟的结果与实际的测量结果相比，干球温度和辐射温度的最大相对误差分别为5.7%和6.4%。其相对误差都在可接受范围内，后文的相关研究也采用该模型进行模拟计算。本文所构建的职业危害综合评价模型是通过层次分析法来确定模型中各个评价指标的权重，通过二元语义法来处理定性和定量的评价信息，并引入了高温和噪声协同作用修正系数来反映高温和噪声的协同作用影响的大小。通过该评价模型对冷床三个作业点的职业危害进行综合评价，评价结果为：A作业点的职业危害综合评价值为0.404，B作业点为0.395，C作业点为0.362。三处作业点语义评价都介于“差”与“一般”之间，且更偏近于“差”，A和B作业点“比差要好一些”，C作业点为“比差稍好”，故需要采取相关措施来提高作业点的职业卫生水平。以上文所述模型为基础通过Airpak模拟设置了三种不同工况的挡板，来探究每种工况下的挡板对高温热辐射的控制效果。从模拟结果来看，设置挡板对高温热辐射都有一定的控制效果，其中工况三中设置的2米宽2米高的挡板的控制效果最好。通过上述的针对高温和噪声协同作用的职业危害综合评价模型对工况三中的作业点的职业危害进行综合评价，评价结果为：A作业点的职业危害综合评价值为0.485，B作业点为0.491，C作业点为0.411。虽然三处作业点相应的语义评价依然介于“差”与“一般”之间，，但综合评价值都有了提高，相应的语义评价离“差”与“一般”两个语义值中较好的“一般”更近了，A和B作业点“比一般要好很多”，C作业点为“比一般稍好”。所以工况三中所设置的挡板对控制热辐射和提高作业点的职业卫生综合水平有一定的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and social progress, people pay more and more attention to the occupational hygiene of the working environment. Therefore, there are high temperature thermal radiation hazards in the operating points around the cold bed. In addition, there are occupational noise hazards in these work sites. Studies have shown that high temperature and noise have synergistic effects. In this paper, the Airpak model is constructed to simulate the thermal environment of the cold bed working point, and the veracity of the model is verified. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazard based on high temperature and noise is constructed. Finally, the control method of high temperature thermal radiation is studied by Airpak software simulation. The maximum relative errors of the dry sphere temperature and radiation temperature are 5.7% and 6.4, respectively, compared with the actual measured results by the Airpak model based on the original data. The relative errors are within the acceptable range. This model is also used to simulate the related research. The comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazards constructed in this paper is to determine the weight of each evaluation index in the model by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and to deal with qualitative and quantitative evaluation information by means of dual semantic method. The correction coefficient of high temperature and noise synergism is introduced to reflect the magnitude of synergistic effect of high temperature and noise. The occupational hazards of three working points of cold bed are comprehensively evaluated by the evaluation model. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard in operation point A was 0.404 and 0.395C, and the semantic evaluation of the three job points was between "poor" and "normal". And closer to the "difference" A and B operating points "the difference is better" "C" operation point is "slightly better", so we need to take relevant measures to improve the occupational health level. Based on the model mentioned above, three baffles are set up by Airpak simulation to explore the control effect of the baffle on the heat radiation at high temperature under each working condition. Setting the baffle has certain control effect on the high temperature thermal radiation. The control effect of the 2 m wide and 2 m high baffle is the best in the third working condition. The occupational hazard of the operating point in the working condition 3 is comprehensively evaluated by the above comprehensive evaluation model for the high temperature and noise synergism. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard was 0.485B, 0.491C was 0.411.Although the semantic evaluation of the three job points was still between "difference" and "average", the comprehensive evaluation value had been improved. The corresponding semantic evaluation is closer to the better "average" of the two semantic values of "difference" and "general", so that the "A" and "B" operating points are much better than the average "C" operating point is "slightly better than the average". It has certain effect on controlling heat radiation and improving occupational hygiene level.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X96

【参考文献】