石油化工企业火灾、爆炸重大危险源辨识及评价

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:34

本文关键词： 重大危险源系统辨识安全评价火灾爆炸风险评估　出处：《兰州理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国的安全方针一直来都是以预防为先,关于重大危险源辨识工作是预防的重要手段,预防的前提是能够更好的了解危险源,但各行业的危险源不相同,因此了解危险源导致事故的过程、前提条件以及准确详细地辨识重大危险源,科学合理的选用辨识和评价方法,依据辨识和评价结果对重大危险源的风险进行安全、合理的控制对安全工作者来说是非常重要的。本文是在大量相关的文献以及长期实际调查研究的基础上,以研究重大危险源辨识的方法,安全评价方法以及火灾、爆炸研究为主要内容,主要内容如下： (1)《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2009)的研究； (2)对国内外相关的重大危险源辨识标准以及安全评价方法进行详细的比较、分析； (3)火灾、爆炸的研究； (4)对石化企业可能导致火灾、爆炸的危险源分类、分级； (5)对石化企业PTA生产过程进行风险评价。论文通过对国内外关于重大危险源辨识的标准进行细致比较,找出《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2009)的不足,主要着重点在于国标中关于临界量的确定、涵盖种类、危险源划分单元等几个方面；分别取《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》和《塞韦索法令》中规定临界量的值,对易燃液体汽油、易爆气体液化石油气和易中毒物质液氨通过数值模拟计算,通过比对计算结果在两种标准下造成事故的后果程度,从而判断标准中关于临界量规定的不合理。采用事故树法和LEC法辨识出石油化工企业火灾、爆炸危险源,并对其进行分类、分级。结合石化行业的特性,把该行业的重大危险源分成危险化学品危险源和设备危险源,使用事故树法对危险化学品危险源进行分类、分级,用LEC法对设备危险源进行分类、分级。列举了各种安全评价的方法以及其优缺点和适用范围,结合道化学法对实际化工厂PTA生产过程进行安全评价。
[Abstract]:The safety policy of our country has always been based on prevention. Identification of major hazard sources is an important means of prevention. The premise of prevention is to better understand the risk sources, but the hazard sources in different industries are different. Therefore, to understand the process, preconditions and accurate and detailed identification of major hazard sources, to select scientific and reasonable identification and evaluation methods, and to carry out safety on the risk of major hazard sources based on the identification and evaluation results, Reasonable control is very important for security workers. This paper is based on a large number of relevant literature and long-term investigation and research, to study major hazard source identification methods, safety evaluation methods and fire, explosion research as the main content, the main content is as follows:. (1) "Identification of Major Hazard sources of Hazardous Chemicals" (GB18218-2009); 2) comparing and analyzing the identification standards and safety evaluation methods of major hazard sources at home and abroad; (3) the study of fire and explosion; Classification and classification of dangerous sources that may lead to fire and explosion in petrochemical enterprises; 5) risk evaluation of PTA production process in petrochemical enterprises. By comparing the standards of identification of major hazard sources at home and abroad, the paper finds out the shortcomings of "Identification of Major Hazard sources of Hazardous Chemicals" (GB18218-2009). The main emphasis is on the determination of critical quantities in national standards, covering the types. For flammable liquid gasoline, the critical values of the critical amount specified in the critical Hazard Identification of Hazardous Chemicals and the Seviso Act are taken respectively. Through numerical simulation calculation of explosive gas liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and toxic substance liquid ammonia (LDA), the degree of consequence of accidents under the two standards is compared, and the irrationality of the critical quantity in the standard is judged. The fire and explosion hazard sources in petrochemical enterprises are identified by accident tree method and LEC method, and classified and classified. Combined with the characteristics of petrochemical industry, the major hazard sources in petrochemical industry are divided into dangerous chemical hazard sources and equipment dangerous sources. The accident tree method is used to classify and classify the dangerous sources of dangerous chemicals, and the LEC method is used to classify and classify the dangerous sources of equipment. Various methods of safety evaluation, their advantages and disadvantages and their application scope are listed, and the safety evaluation of actual chemical plant PTA production process is carried out in combination with channel chemistry method.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X937

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