基于可持续生计的农村家庭灾后恢复研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 23:17

  本文关键词： 灾后恢复 可持续生计 社会资本 农村 汶川地震　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：灾后恢复研究相对较少,是整个灾害治理/应急管理全流程(减灾、备灾、救灾和灾后恢复)中最需要加强的部分。目前大部分灾后恢复研究都侧重于物质重建,缺少全面的视角。本文借鉴被广泛用于发展领域内的可持续生计分析框架来分析农村家庭灾后恢复过程,希望为灾后恢复研究提供一个全面的视角,同时对可持续生计分析框架在灾害治理研究中的适用性进行一定的验证。本文所用数据来自于一项跟踪调查。研究地点为汶川地震某重灾县。首次问卷调查在2009年1月份开展,采用分层抽样方法,以访谈员面对面访问的形式,共在该县3个乡镇(9个村)调查了515户居民。第二次回访在2012年夏天进行,共完成415户家庭回访工作,回访率约为80.56%。通过对比两次调查所得415户相同农户家庭的生计资本(自然资本、金融资本,人力资本,物资资本,社会资本)数据,研究发现整体上农户所拥有的五类生计资本在灾后恢复阶段都有较大提升,其中物资资本增幅最高,其次是自然资本,金融资本,社会资本,增幅最小的是人力资本。生计资本在整体增加的同时,不同家庭间的物资、金融、人力和自然资本差距(标准差)也有所加大,但社会资本差距(标准差)有所减少。研究结果也从侧面证实了我国汶川地震灾后恢复主要侧重于物质重建,而且灾后恢复效果明显。同时,为灾难事件可以增强社会凝聚力提供了证据。跟踪调查中社会资本在灾后显著升高,而且不同家庭间的差距变小。研究表明,可持续生计分析框架可以为以家庭和社区为单元的灾害研究提供一个较好的分析工具。
[Abstract]:Disaster recovery studies are relatively few and are among the most in need of strengthening throughout the entire disaster management / emergency management process (disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery). At present, most disaster recovery studies focus on physical reconstruction. This paper uses the sustainable livelihood analysis framework which is widely used in the field of development to analyze the disaster recovery process of rural households, hoping to provide a comprehensive perspective for disaster recovery research. At the same time, the applicability of sustainable livelihood analysis framework in the study of disaster management is verified. The data used in this paper are from a tracking survey. The first questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2009 in a seriously affected county of Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 515 households were investigated in 3 townships (9 villages) of the county by means of face-to-face interviews with interviewees. The second return visit was conducted in the summer of 2012. The return rate was about 80.56.The data of livelihood capital (natural capital, financial capital, human capital, material capital, social capital) of 415 households of the same household were obtained by comparing the two surveys. The study found that the five types of livelihood capital owned by farmers have been greatly improved in the post-disaster recovery stage, in which the material capital increase is the highest, followed by natural capital, financial capital, social capital. The smallest increase was in human capital. The gap between material, financial, human and natural capital (standard deviation) between different households has also increased as livelihood capital has increased as a whole. However, the gap of social capital (standard deviation) has been reduced. The results also confirm that the recovery of Wenchuan earthquake in China is mainly focused on material reconstruction, and the effect of disaster recovery is obvious. Evidence that disaster events enhance social cohesion. Social capital increases significantly after a disaster in the tracking survey, and the gap between different households becomes smaller. The sustainable livelihood analysis framework can provide a better analysis tool for disaster research based on family and community.
【作者单位】： 四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院;北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院;济南大学政治与公共管理学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科研究项目“三江源地区生态移民的生计问题研究”(编号:11XJC840008) 四川大学引进人才科研启动经费项目
【分类号】：F323.89;X4
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本文编号：1554020