基于MODIS数据的内蒙古野火时空变化特征

发布时间：2018-03-03 08:09

本文选题：野火　切入点：时空分布　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：野火是陆地生态系统的重要干扰因子,影响生态系统的演替和更新。研究基于MCD45A1火烧迹地和MCD12Q1土地利用数据,提取2002—2014年内蒙古不同生态分区、土地利用类型的过火面积及火点分布,分析该区域野火的时空分布格局,同时结合降水数据,探讨野火年际变化对降水的响应特性。结果表明:1)2002—2014年内蒙古野火火点空间分布格局表现为由东北向西南逐渐减少,高密度火点主要分布在中蒙边境区域、森林-草原区以及平原典型农耕区。2)内蒙古野火过火面积2003年最大,2006年次之,2010年最小,分析表明过火面积的年际变动与火灾高发月降水异常有关。过火面积的季节变化表现为春秋多,冬夏少,尤其是3月、4月、5月和9月灾情严重。在7大生态分区中,90%的过火面积集中在兴安岭山地丘陵区、呼伦贝尔高平原丘陵区和锡林郭勒高平原区,过火面积占比分别为52%、28%和10%。3)野火干扰最严重的土地利用类型为草地,火点主要集中分布于草甸草原和典型草原,其次为农业用地和林地,对其他类型干扰程度最小。充分认识野火时空分布格局有利于深入了解其发生规律,为区域火灾预警监测提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Wild fire is an important disturbance factor of terrestrial ecosystem, which affects succession and renewal of ecosystem. Based on MCD45A1 burning land and MCD12Q1 land use data, different ecological zones in Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2014 were extracted. The overfire area and fire point distribution of the land use type, the space-time distribution pattern of the wildfire in this area is analyzed, and the precipitation data are combined at the same time. The response characteristics of wildfire interannual variation to precipitation were discussed. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of wildfire sites in Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2014 gradually decreased from northeast to southwest, and high density fire sites mainly distributed in the border area between China and Mongolia. The overfire area of wildfires in Inner Mongolia was the largest in 2003, followed by 2006 and the smallest in 2010. The analysis shows that the interannual variation of overfire area is related to the abnormal monthly precipitation in high fire. The seasonal variation of overfire area is more in spring and autumn than in winter and summer. Especially in March, April, May and May, 90% of the overfire areas in the seven major ecological zones are concentrated in the hilly areas of the Xingan Mountains, the hilly areas of the Hulunbeir High Plain and the Xilingol High Plain, the Hulunbeir High Plain and the Xilingol High Plain. The most serious land use disturbance caused by wildfire was grassland. The fire sites were mainly distributed in meadow grassland and typical grassland, followed by agricultural land and woodland. Understanding the space-time distribution pattern of wildfire is beneficial to understand the occurrence law of wildfire and provide scientific basis for early warning and monitoring of regional fire.
【作者单位】：内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院;内蒙古林业厅防火指挥办公室;兰州大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：内蒙古自治区林业厅“森林灾害风险区划及评估”项目资助~~
【分类号】：X43

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