自适应噪声防护耳罩的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-03-04 18:50

本文选题：噪声　切入点：噪声防护耳罩　出处：《昆明理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生产的发展、社会的进步,人类对职业健康的要求日趋上升。作为七大公害之一的噪声,是职业健康安全的重要研究对象。当前,国内外的一些专家学者在噪声防护方面进行了大量的研究,这些研究的主要手段有：①改革生产工艺,降低噪声源的声能量甚至杜绝噪声源的产生；②寻找新型声功能材料,吸收噪声及隔绝其传播；③研究噪声防护器具,对接受者进行个体防护。本文详细阐述了自适应噪声防护耳罩的相关理论知识,着重介绍了装置的关键元件选择,电路结构,软件程序以及机械方案设计与实现。本文利用现代电子技术、智能控制手段、常用机械传动机构以及具有降噪功能的传统声材料,研究设计了基于MSP430单片机的自适应噪声防护耳罩。自适应噪声防护耳罩的硬件主要包括：噪声传感器、信号放大处理电路、电机驱动电路、电源电池装置、单片机控制以及机械结构。其设计核心是：首先,噪声传感器将接收到的声信号转换成电信号,电信号经放大电路处理后送入单片机的ADC实现A/D转换成为数字信号；其次,单片机对数字信号进行数据处理、运算后,输出电平信号送入电机驱动芯片；芯片驱动电机带动机械运转,实现耳罩体与耳部的自动离合以及自行调节佩戴压力的功能。在实验室现有条件下,根据本文的设计理念,结合已拥有的资源,制作了自适应噪声防护耳罩样机。并对样机系统进行功能试验,同时将自适应噪声防护耳罩样机和改造前的传统噪声耳罩做定性对比实验,分析实验结果,总结其性能优缺点。与传统噪声防护耳罩相比,本自适应噪声防护耳罩能够自动检测环境噪声,根据噪声强度控制耳罩的动作,解决了在间歇噪声环境中耳罩与耳部的离合状态以及佩戴压力两大问题。因此,自适应噪声防护耳罩在生活、生产中的噪声防护和实践教学中有着较好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of production and the progress of society, the demands of human being on occupational health are rising day by day. As one of the seven public hazards, noise is an important research object of occupational health and safety. Some experts and scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research on noise protection. The main means of these researches are: reforming the production process of 1: 1, reducing the sound energy of noise sources and even eliminating the generation of noise sources to find new sound functional materials. Absorbing noise and isolating the noise Propagation. In this paper, the relevant theoretical knowledge of adaptive noise protection earmuffs is described in detail, and the selection of key components, circuit structure, software program and mechanical scheme design and implementation of the device are emphatically introduced. The adaptive noise protection earmuffs based on MSP430 single chip computer are studied and designed by intelligent control means, common mechanical transmission mechanism and traditional acoustic materials with noise reduction function. The hardware of adaptive noise protection earmuffs mainly includes: noise sensor, signal amplifying and processing circuit, motor driving circuit, power supply battery device, single chip microcomputer control and mechanical structure. The noise sensor converts the received acoustic signals into electrical signals, and the electrical signals are transmitted to the ADC of the single chip computer after processing by the amplifying circuit to realize the conversion of A / D to digital signals. Secondly, the single-chip computer processes and calculates the digital signals. The output level signal is fed into the motor drive chip, which drives the motor to drive the mechanical operation, realizes the automatic clutch between the earmuffs and the ears, and self-adjusts the wearing pressure. Under the existing conditions of the laboratory, according to the design idea of this paper, combined with the resources that have been possessed, the prototype of the adaptive noise protection earmuffs has been made, and the functional test of the prototype system has been carried out. At the same time, the prototype of adaptive noise protection earmuffs and the traditional noise earmuffs before modification are compared qualitatively, and the experimental results are analyzed, and their performance advantages and disadvantages are summarized. The adaptive noise protective earmuffs can automatically detect the ambient noise. According to the noise intensity, the motion of the earmuffs can be controlled, thus solving the two problems of the clutch state and wearing pressure of the earmuffs and ears in intermittent noise environment. Adaptive noise protection earmuffs have a good application prospect in daily life, production noise protection and practical teaching.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TB535

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