基于风险的特种设备分类方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 09:25

本文选题：特种设备　切入点：风险分级　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：特种设备具有应用广泛、危险性大的特点,在我国安全成产保障体系中占有极为重要的地位。随着经济的飞速发展,特种设备的数量在逐年地增长,危险性也在不断的增加,而我国的特种设备安全监管资源是有限的。如何科学合理的利用有限的安全监管资源,确保作业安全可靠性,降低设备风险,减少事故发生,是特种设备监管机构及使用单位的主要目标之一。特种设备发展的现实需要我们不断地进行技术管理创新来保证其安全运行,“突出重点,分类监管”就是一项科学有效的管理思想的创新。本文根据风险分析的基本理论和数学模型,针对特种设备使用运行过程的风险状态,研究特种设备事故发生的可能性以及后果的严重程度,建立起特种设备风险的定性分级模型与定量分级模型。根据通用的特种设备风险分级模型,结合锅炉、压力容器、起重机械、电梯的实际情况,综合考虑设备的固有风险和现实风险,初步确定风险评估指标；运用德尔菲法和专家会议法筛选指标,建立各类设备的风险评估指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,最终建立各类设备的风险分级模型；结合风险可接受准则,根据地区内特种设备实际情况确定设备风险等级划分标准,将设备划分为风险高中低不同类型的设备,实现基于风险的特种设备科学分级分类,以采取相应的安全检验及监管措施。为验证建立的风险分级模型的科学性和实用性,本文选取了两个不同发展状况地区的典型承压类设备锅炉和典型机电类设备起重机械进行了实证研究,采集了一定量的样本数据进行统计分析。研究发现,本文建立的特种设备风险分级模型具有较好的可操作性、实用性,监管部门可根据现实情况进行风险分级工作,简单快捷地实现分类监管。结合我国特种设备安全监管的现实和需要,将特种设备分为不同的风险等级,可以为安全监管部门制定风险控制、改进措施提供数据支持和决策依据,从而科学、有效的利用有限的人力、物力监管资源,保障特种设备的安全运行。
[Abstract]:Special equipment has the characteristics of wide application and high risk, and it occupies an extremely important position in the security system of our country. With the rapid development of economy, the number of special equipment is increasing year by year, and the danger is also increasing. However, the resources of special equipment safety supervision in our country are limited. How to make use of the limited safety supervision resources scientifically and reasonably, to ensure the safety and reliability of operation, to reduce the risk of equipment, and to reduce the occurrence of accidents, It is one of the main targets of the special equipment supervision organization and the use unit. The reality of the development of the special equipment needs us to carry on the technical management innovation unceasingly to ensure its safe operation, "highlight the key point," Classified supervision "is a scientific and effective innovation of management thought." According to the basic theory and mathematical model of risk analysis, this paper studies the possibility and severity of the accident of special equipment according to the risk state of the operation process of special equipment. According to the general risk classification model of special equipment, combined with the actual situation of boiler, pressure vessel, lifting machinery and elevator, the paper establishes the qualitative classification model and quantitative classification model of the risk of special equipment, and combines the actual situation of boiler, pressure vessel, lifting machinery and elevator. Considering the inherent risk and realistic risk of equipment, the risk assessment index is preliminarily determined, and the risk assessment index system of all kinds of equipment is established by means of Delphi method and expert meeting method. The weight of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the risk classification model of all kinds of equipment is established, and the risk classification standard is determined according to the actual situation of the special equipment in the region, combined with the risk acceptability criterion. The equipment is divided into high, middle and low risk equipment, and the scientific classification of special equipment based on risk is realized, and the corresponding safety inspection and supervision measures are taken. In order to verify the scientificity and practicability of the risk classification model, this paper selects two typical pressurized equipment boilers and typical mechanical and electrical equipment lifting appliances in two different development areas to carry out empirical research. A certain amount of sample data is collected for statistical analysis. It is found that the risk classification model of special equipment established in this paper has good operability and practicability, and the supervision department can carry out risk classification work according to the actual situation. Combining the reality and need of the safety supervision of special equipment in our country, the special equipment can be divided into different risk levels, which can be used to establish risk control for the safety supervision department. The improvement measures provide data support and decision basis so as to make scientific and effective use of limited human and material resources to ensure the safe operation of special equipment.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.4

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