基于FDS的铁路旅客列车火灾模拟

发布时间：2018-03-09 10:41

本文选题：旅客列车　切入点：火灾　出处：《西华大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：火灾是最经常、最普遍的威胁公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。国内外统计资料表明，火灾发生后，对人体生命造成最大威胁的并不是火，，也不是高温的燃烧物，而是烟气。因此对火灾烟气发展的研究意义重大。本课题旨在研究旅客列车车厢火灾烟气发展规律，为我国普通铁路运输的火灾烟气控制和危险性分析提供参考性意见。本次研究选择了目前国内普通铁路最为先进的列车车厢25T型硬卧旅客列车车厢作为研究对象。根据列车实际尺寸，建立了1:1列车车厢物理模型。课题内容主要考虑了不同火源位置烟气发展规律和空调系统对烟感时间的影响，还首次模拟了列车车厢加设防排烟系统的烟气发展情况。本课题采用场模拟方法，应用软件FDS作为计算平台。采用LES方法计算火场内的湍流运动，通过给定释热率作为火源进行模拟。模拟结果表明，25T硬卧列车车厢一旦发生火灾，烟气层1min下降到1.6m高度，3min接触地面。空调系统对于烟感器触发时间影响很小，但是火源位于过道时烟感器报警时间滞后不少，建议在过道加设烟感报警器。加设排烟系统后，烟气发展得到了有效的控制。本次模拟结论能为普通铁路旅客列车车厢安全设计提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the most frequent and common disasters that threaten public safety and social development. Statistics at home and abroad show that fire is not the greatest threat to human life after the fire, nor is it the burning matter of high temperature. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the development of fire smoke. The purpose of this paper is to study the development law of fire smoke in passenger train carriage, and to provide reference advice for the fire smoke control and hazard analysis of ordinary railway transportation in China. In this study, the 25T hard sleeper passenger train compartment, which is the most advanced train compartment in China, is selected as the research object. According to the actual size of the train, The physical model of 1: 1 train compartment is established. The development of smoke in different fire source locations and the influence of air conditioning system on smoke sensing time are considered, and the smoke development of additional smoke prevention and exhaust system in train compartment is simulated for the first time. In this paper, the field simulation method is used, the software FDS is used as the computing platform, the LES method is used to calculate the turbulent motion in the fire field, and the given heat release rate is used as the fire source. The simulation results show that once a fire occurs in a 25T hard lying train compartment, the smoke layer drops to 1.6 m height for 3 minutes and touches the ground. The air conditioning system has little effect on the smoke sensor trigger time, but the smoke sensor alarm time lags behind when the fire source is in the aisle. It is suggested that smoke alarm should be installed in the corridor, and smoke development can be effectively controlled after the smoke exhaust system is added. The results of this simulation can provide some reference for the safety design of passenger train carriage of ordinary railway.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298.4

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