浮游金属粉尘浓度检测技术及传感器研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:13

本文选题：粉尘浓度检测　切入点：浮游金属粉尘浓度　出处：《煤炭科学研究总院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在工业生产作业现场所产生的粉尘有二大危害,一是造成尘肺病的职业危害,二是会产生爆炸。粉尘爆炸需要具备三个条件,粉尘浓度超过一定限值是必要条件之一。具有爆炸性质的粉尘种类有7大类,其中抛光打磨、金属材料加工等作业场所产生的金属粉就是其中之一。因金属粉尘沉积而引起的二次扬尘可导致金属粉尘在空气中的浓度超过爆炸极限,而金属粉尘爆炸事故一般后果非常严重,往往造成重大人员伤害和经济损失,2014年江苏昆山中荣金属制品有限公司除尘系统沉积金属粉尘的二次扬尘形成粉尘云导致的粉尘爆炸事故、造成97人死亡、163人受伤就是最好的例证。针对抛光打磨作业场所的浮游金属粉尘的检测防护等相关研究被列入了 2016年国家重点研发计划之中,因此,开展抛光打磨作业场所浮游金属粉尘浓度的实时监测,对提高高危区域粉尘浓度超标监测预警能力,有效预防粉尘爆炸事故的发生具有十分重要的意义。目前国内外针对浮游金属粉尘浓度检测的相关研究很少。主要是由于国外针对工业作业场所沉积尘有相关规定与标准,并且执行较好,不易产生二次扬尘,但国内因为管理执行的问题,虽有标准但效果不明显,急需一种检测方法来减少沉积尘带来的的粉尘爆炸隐患。本文在深入分析对比目前主要的粉尘浓度检测方法基础之上,针对抛光打磨作业场所,对开展了基于电荷感应原理的可燃性浮游金属粉尘浓度检测技术及其传感器研究。主要研究内容如下:首先,根据金属粉尘的特性,研究分析了金属粉尘的起电机理,并通过实验验证了产生的浮游金属粉尘的带电性,为采用电荷感应法检测金属粉尘浓度提供了依据。其次,在分析直流耦合和交流耦合二种电荷感应法基础上,基于高斯静电场和电荷感应理论与交流耦合技术,确定了测量浮游金属粉尘浓度的具体方法,设计了一种新式的螺旋环状探测电极,在保证空间灵敏度不降低的条件下克服了传统棒状和环状探测电极存在的缺陷。推导出了螺旋环状探测电极的空间灵敏度,根据其电极空间灵敏度分布特性,为粉尘浓度传感器探测电极的匝数、半径大小、绝缘层厚度等具体参数的设计,提供了参考依据。开展了基于电荷感应原理的粉尘浓度传感器研究,分析了金属粉尘浓度传感器的组成原理,设计了具有高增益的电荷放大电路、滤波电路、A/D采样电路、控制电路等,探讨了传感器抗干扰处理方法。最后,对粉尘浓度传感器的测量精度进行了实验验证,实验结果表明:测量误差≤10%,完全达到了设计要求;开展了多种环境影响因素的研究,给出了有效的解决方案。论文研究证明:基于交流耦合技术和螺旋环状探测电极的电荷感应式粉尘浓度检测技术应用于浮游金属粉尘浓度的检测是完全可行的,研究的粉尘浓度传感器测量误差≤10%,且通过采取补偿等措施,可使传感器有效克服湿度、风速等影响。
[Abstract]:The dust produced in the industrial production there are two major hazards, one is the occupation harm caused by pneumoconiosis, two will explode. The dust explosion requires three conditions, the dust concentration exceeds the limit is one of the necessary conditions. The type of dust with explosive properties of 7 categories, including polishing, produce metal material processing workplace metal powder is one of them. The two dust caused by metal dust deposition can lead to concentration of metal dust in the air over the explosion limit, and the general consequences of metal dust explosion accident is very serious, often cause serious injuries and economic losses, two 2014 Jiangsu Kunshan metal dust the deposition of metal products Co., dedusting system of dust formation of dust explosion accidents caused by dust clouds, killed 97 people, injured 163 people is the best example for polishing. The related research of planktonic metal dust in workplace grinding detection protection was included in the 2016 national development plan, therefore, to carry out real-time monitoring of polished metal floating dust concentration in the workplace, to improve the high-risk area exceed the standard dust concentration monitoring and early warning capabilities, has very important significance to effectively prevent the occurrence of dust explosion accidents at home. Very few related studies on planktonic metal dust concentration detection. Mainly due to foreign industrial workplace dust deposition according to the relevant provisions of the standard, and performs better, not easy to produce two dust, but because the domestic executive management problems, although the standard but the effect is not obvious, a method of detecting the urgent need to reduce the deposition of dust the dust explosion hazard. On the basis of in-depth comparative analysis of the dust concentration detection method based on the main cast, needle Polished workplace, carried out the charge induction principle of combustible metal floating dust concentration detection technology and sensor research. Based on the main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to the characteristics of metal dust, research and analysis of the metal dust electrification mechanism, and charged the planktonic metal dust is verified by experiment, providing the basis for the metal dust concentration detected by the charge induction method. Secondly, in the analysis of DC coupling and AC coupling two charge induction method based on Gauss electrostatic field and charge induction theory and AC coupling technique based on the specific method of measuring the dust concentration of metal floating, design a new spiral ring detection electrode. To ensure the spatial sensitivity does not reduce the conditions to overcome the defects of traditional rod and ring detection electrode. Deduced the spiral electrode detection space According to the electrode sensitivity, spatial sensitivity, number of turns, dust concentration sensor detecting electrode radius, design parameters including the thickness of the insulating layer, provides the reference. To carry out the research of dust concentration sensor based on charge induction principle, analyzed the principle of metal dust concentration sensor, the design of charge high gain amplifier circuit, filter circuit, A/D sampling circuit, control circuit, sensor of anti-interference processing method. Finally, the measurement accuracy of dust concentration sensor is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the measurement error is less than 10%, fully meet the design requirements; carried out the research of various environmental impact factors, solve the effective scheme is given. This research proves that the application of charge induction type dust concentration detection technology of AC coupling technology and detection based on spiral electrode To detect the concentration of dust floating metal is feasible, dust concentration sensor measurement error is less than 10% of the compensation and by taking such measures can effectively overcome the humidity sensor, wind speed and so on.

【学位授予单位】：煤炭科学研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X964

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