煤层顶板松散承压含水层渗流突涌特性及致灾机理与防治研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 00:17

本文选题：松散承压含水层　切入点：压架突水　出处：《合肥工业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国煤炭资源储量丰富,但多数煤矿水文地质条件复杂,受水害威胁的面积、类型与程度均为世界上罕见。特别地,我国许多煤矿厚表土层底部存在着一层以沙土、砂砾为主要骨架组成的松散承压含水层,存在于煤层的顶部。采掘过程中的顶板水害是威胁煤矿安全生产的重要因素之一。采矿活动产生的导水裂隙带沟通了煤层上覆岩体中的含水层,导致含水层水涌入矿井工作面而造成的灾害或使工作面工作条件恶化难以继续生产,造成重大的人员伤亡与经济损失。为此,本论文以以祁东井田所在的宿县矿区为研究背景,在分析矿区工程地质与水文地质条件的基础上,对松散承压含水层的主要特征、突水特性、渗流场、压架突水机理及防治技术进行了研究,完成的主要研究工作如下：(1)在考察松散层形态特征、物理力学性质、矿物以及物源的基础上,综合分析了松散层厚度、四含底界标高、四含厚度、四含有效含水层厚度、四含黏土层厚度等特征。以多次突水灾害为基础,探讨了水害类型及涌水量特征。并进一步分析了多个工作面处的水质历时变化情况,为确定出水水源提供了依据。(2)将四含单位涌水量、地层岩性、渗透系数、四含厚度和四含水位作为影响因素,运用层次分析-模糊综合评判法对四含划分了10个水文地质单元,获得了各个水文地质单元水文参数平均值；在水文地质单元划分的基础上,概化研究区的水文地质条件,建立水文地质模型。并采用基于有限元方法的地下水数值模拟软件FEFLOW对祁东井田的地下水流进行数值模拟,并开展验证分析,取得了较好的效果。(3)在对压架灾害统计分析的基础上,以6130工作面压架事故为例,探讨了突水压架灾害特征。利用UDCE数值计算与现场压架、突水现场实测,分析了覆岩存在主亚关键层结构是祁东煤矿压架、突水异常的特殊覆岩结构,指出了此类工作面顶板来压与水位变化具有联动效应。(4)基岩厚度增加对关键层的破断距有重要影响,当覆岩中硬岩层层数增加或相邻两层硬岩层之间的间距增大到一定的程度后,覆岩将表现为多层关键层结构,不易产生整体复合破断。(5)根据松散承压含水层下采煤相关理论研究成果以及已有开采经验,提出了顶板水害综合防治技术,并重点介绍了基于地电场覆岩裂隙带高度监测预警,并提出了开采技术措施与防水安全措施。通过上述工作,得到了下列认识与结果：(1)揭示了祁东矿井水文地质单元的分区特性,获得了各个水文地质单元水文参数平均值,并以此进一步建立数值模型,通过验证与识别得到了祁东井田的地下水流场信息。(2)提出了存在主亚关键层结构是祁东煤矿压架、突水异常的主要原因,亚关键层的破断导致工作面小周期来压,主亚关键层的复合破断导致工作面大周期来压。影响竖向裂隙的发育高度的两种主要因素是：关键层距承压含水层距离和关键层与工作面的相互位置。(3)提出了四含水文地质条件综合探查、压架突水预测、综合探放水、顶板预裂爆破、采用高阻力支架、安全煤岩柱的合理留设、优化推进速度、压架突水综合预警等四含顶板松散承压含水层水害成套防治技术。各个技术均有优缺点,需根据具体条件综合运用,确保承压水体下采矿的安全与高效。
[Abstract]:The coal resource is abundant in our country, but the most complicated hydrogeological conditions of coal mine, threatened by water disaster area, type and degree are rare in the world. Especially, many coal mines in our country exist at the bottom of thick soil layer with a layer of sand, gravel is mainly composed of loose skeleton bearing aquifer, the top in coal seam the water inrush in the mining process is one of the most important factors threatening the safety of coal production. Mining activities in the water flowing fractured zone of coal seam overlying aquifer communication on rock mass, lead to the deterioration of the aquifer water flooded mine working face caused by the disaster or make work working conditions difficult to continue production, resulting in significant casualties and economic losses. Therefore, this thesis takes Qidong coalfield located Suxian mining area as the research background, based on the analysis of mine engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, the unconsolidated confined aquifer The main characteristics of water inrush characteristics, seepage pressure, shelf water inrush mechanism and control technology are studied, the main research work is as follows: (1) in the study of loose layer morphology, physical and mechanical properties, as well as the source of minerals based on the comprehensive analysis of the loose layer thickness of the bottom boundary containing four the elevation, containing four with four effective thickness, the thickness of the aquifer, with four of the thickness of clay layer and other features. In many water inrush based on flood type and water inflow characteristics. And further analysis of the water quality working surface of the diachronic changes, providing a basis for determining the effluent water (2). The four unit inflow, formation lithology, permeability coefficient, containing four and four thickness containing water level as influence factors, AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to four divided into 10 hydrogeological units, the various hydrogeological parameters average in single Yuan Shuiwen; Based on the division of hydrogeological units, generalizability of the study area hydrogeological conditions, hydro geological model were established. And using the finite element method of groundwater numerical simulation software FEFLOW to underground water in Qidong coal mine based on numerical simulation, and carry out verification and analysis, and achieved good results. (3) based on the analysis of the press frame disaster statistics, in 6130 working face of crushing accident as an example, discusses the process of water disaster characteristics. Frame using UDCE numerical calculation and field pressure frame, water inrush field measurement, analysis of overburden layer structure is main sub key of Qidong coal mine pressure, water inrush abnormal special rock structure, pointed out the roof of working face pressure and water level changes with the linkage effect. (4) the increase of the thickness of bedrock of key stratum broken distance has important effect, when the overlying rock hard rock layers increase or between the two adjacent layers of hard rock increases to a certain distance between After the degree of rock will appear as multiple key stratum structure, not easy to produce an overall compound breakage. (5) according to the unconsolidated confined aquifer under the relevant theoretical research results and the existing coal mining experience, put forward comprehensive prevention and control of roof water inrush technology, and introduces the height of monitoring and early warning of overburden rock fracture zone based on the geoelectric field. And put forward the mining technical measures and waterproof safety measures. Through the above work, we obtain the following results and understanding: (1) reveals the partition characteristics of Qidong mine hydrogeological unit, were obtained for each hydrogeological unit hydrological parameters on average, and in order to further the establishment of numerical model, through the verification and identification information obtained groundwater flow field of Qidong mine. (2) proposed the main sub key layer structure is the Qidong coal mine, the main reason of abnormal water inrush, sub key layer breaking causes small cycle pressure to the surface, the main sub The key layer breaking lead composite working face of periodic pressure. The effect of vertical fissure height of two main factors: the key layer from the bearing layer and key layer distance mutual position and working face. (3) proposed a comprehensive exploration with four hydrogeological conditions, pressure frame water inrush forecast, comprehensive exploration drain, roof pre splitting blasting, high support resistance, safety coal and rock pillar for designing reasonable optimization, speed, pressure frame of water inrush comprehensive warning four roof with unconsolidated confined aquifer water complete control technology. Advantages and disadvantages of each technology are required according to the specific conditions of use, to ensure the safety of mining of confined water with high efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD745

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