基于ZigBee的微波火灾探测系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:10

本文选题：微波　切入点：天线　出处：《安徽建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速增长,我国城市化和城镇化不断地向前推进,人口数量也在增长,城市中不断地出现各种各样的高层建筑和堆积较多物资的仓库,在这种情况下,一旦失火,就会造成重大灾难,同时也会对火灾的救援工作带来很大的困难。因此,用于保障人身安全以及财产安全的火灾自动报警系统显得尤为重要。当前,国内外火灾探测技术主要是以高灵敏度红外传感器为主、辅以感烟、感温等多传感信息融合技术,然而对于火灾早期、有遮挡物的火源以及特殊无烟材料火灾,运用现有技术进行实时监测、检测就较为困难。面对这种情况,微波辐射探测技术在探测火灾上的优势体现出来,并得到应用。利用微波辐射探测火灾具有独特的穿透性优势,在隔墙、隔门、隔窗等情况下,可以探测建筑内部的火势情况,告知消防队员火源状态,以免发生一些意外。本设计综合国内外火灾探测技术,考虑各个探测技术的优缺点,针对火的辐射频段,设计一个双频阵列天线用以接收火的辐射信号,该天线具有较好的回波损耗以及较高增益,可以很好的接收火灾辐射信号,基于天线检测频段,设计一个合理的接收机,用于对信号的处理、转换,最后利用ZigBee传输网络完成数据的层层传输。在结构上,探测天线采用微带阵列结构,体积较小,具有很好的适用性,接收机采用零中频接收结构,有效的对信号进行处理。本课题主要完成工作有:第一,检测天线设计。针对火的辐射频段,设计一款高增益的双频检测天线。第二,在基于检测天线基础上提出合理的接收机结构,用于对天线检测出的信号进行处理,将信号转化为可以在网络中进行传输的电压信号。第三,针对于信号传输,提出合适的传输网络,利用ZigBee技术对接收、处理过的信号进行传输。并利用节点组成相应网络,构建传输平台。最后,通过IAR软件,对网络节点的程序进行设计。在ZigBee标准协议的基础上,构建一个适用于本课题设计的网络,并经过实验验证网络的实用性。经过一系列的实验验证,设计的天线参数基本满足课题需求,设计的接收机能够很好的对信号进行处理、转化,数据传输网络能够有效地运行,最终的燃烧火实验表明,发生火灾时,设计的整体系统能够检测到火灾信号,完成整个设计。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the economy, urbanization and urbanization in our country are constantly advancing, and the population is also increasing. In this case, once there is a fire, there are various high-rise buildings and warehouses piled up with more goods and materials in the cities. It will cause great disaster and bring great difficulty to the rescue work of fire. Therefore, the automatic fire alarm system, which is used to protect personal safety and property safety, is especially important. Fire detection technology at home and abroad is mainly based on high-sensitivity infrared sensors, assisted by multi-sensor information fusion technology, such as smoke, temperature, etc. However, in the early stage of fire, the fire source with shielding and special smokeless material fire. It is difficult to detect by using the existing technology in real time monitoring. In the face of this situation, the advantages of microwave radiation detection technology in fire detection are manifested and applied. In the case of partition wall, door, window and so on, the fire inside the building can be detected, and the fireman can be informed of the state of the fire source so as to avoid some accidents. This design synthesizes the fire detection technology at home and abroad, and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each detection technology. A dual-frequency array antenna is designed to receive the radiation signal of the fire. The antenna has good echo loss and high gain, so it can receive the fire radiation signal well, based on the detection frequency band of the antenna. A reasonable receiver is designed for signal processing and conversion. Finally, the ZigBee transmission network is used to transmit the data layer by layer. In structure, the detection antenna adopts microstrip array structure, which is small in size and has good applicability. The receiver adopts the zero-intermediate frequency receiving structure to process the signal effectively. The main work of this thesis is as follows: first, the design of the detection antenna. For the radiation band of the fire, a dual-frequency detection antenna with high gain is designed. Based on the detection antenna, a reasonable receiver structure is proposed, which is used to process the signal detected by the antenna and convert the signal into a voltage signal which can be transmitted in the network. Put forward the appropriate transmission network, use ZigBee technology to transmit the received and processed signals, and use the nodes to form the corresponding network, build the transmission platform. Finally, through the IAR software, The program of network node is designed. Based on the standard protocol of ZigBee, a network suitable for this project is constructed, and the practicability of the network is verified by experiments. The designed antenna parameters basically meet the requirements of the subject, the receiver designed can process and transform the signal well, and the data transmission network can operate effectively. The final combustion fire experiment shows that, when the fire occurs, The whole system can detect the fire signal and complete the whole design.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU892

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