基于元胞自动机的地铁站应急客流疏散研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:25

本文选题：元胞自动机　切入点：行人流疏散　出处：《兰州交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地铁作为新一代公共交通方式，以其便利快捷、受外界影响少、准时准点等特点受到越来越多出行者的青睐，这使得越来越多的城市开始大力发展城市地铁来满足出行者不断选择地铁作为出行方式的需求。因此如果在相对狭小封闭的地铁车站中发生紧急灾害，确保行人安全的疏散逃生就显得至关重要。基于此本文主要对北京典型地铁站的行人流应急疏散过程进行模拟，并研究其主要的动力学及结构特征。国内外学者对典型情况下行人流疏散过程研究已经取得了一定的成果，但是对于特殊的行人特性则涉猎较少，因此本文在现有的成果基础上，进行了以下内容：详细介绍了疏散时间的计算和要求、疏散过程中行人的心理行为，简要概括了地铁站建设规范中对于行人安全部分的重要结论，分析了行人流疏散中应用的理论基础和典型模型及其建模过程，讨论了几个重点模型的优缺点以及相互之间的联系，为建立行人流疏散模型提供理论依据。在总结分析地铁站结构特点和行人流模型优缺点的基础上，针对地铁站的特殊性和一般情况下的客流组织方法，以元胞自动机理论为基础，建立考虑行人亲情互助行为、出口选择变化的行人流疏散模型。其中明确指出了在分别考虑这两种行人心理情况时的跃迁规则，并单独对检票口局部区域进行分析，建立了在被检票机分割的区域中的特殊跃迁规则，，最终确定了行人在局部区域中的运动方式。以文中建立的行人疏散模型为基础，借助仿真软件，以北京地铁典型车站为背景，确定行人的跃迁规则和仿真物理空间，通过仿真软件直观地模拟了行人流在考虑亲情互助行为、行人出口选择变化时的疏散过程，进一步对疏散过程中的特殊现象进行了相关描述。结果表明仿真软件能够很好的表现出本文创建的考虑亲情互助行为、出口选择变化的行人流疏散模型并同时能够较好的表现行人流的运动情况。本文研究建立的行人流疏散元胞自动机模型在现有模型的基础上增加了一定行人心理因素和特殊行为的描述，对于真实反应行人流疏散过程，提高地铁站安全水平具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of public transportation, subway is favored by more and more travelers because of its convenience and speed, less influence from outside, punctual punctuality and so on. As a result, more and more cities are beginning to develop urban subways to meet the needs of travelers who continue to choose the subway as a means of travelling. Therefore, if an emergency occurs in relatively small, enclosed subway stations, It is very important to ensure the safe evacuation of pedestrians. Based on this, the emergency evacuation process of pedestrian flow in typical subway stations in Beijing is simulated in this paper. The main dynamic and structural characteristics are also studied. Some achievements have been made by domestic and foreign scholars in the study of the downlink evacuation process in typical situations, but the special pedestrian characteristics are seldom studied. Therefore, based on the existing results, this paper carries out the following contents:. This paper introduces in detail the calculation and requirement of evacuation time, the psychological behavior of pedestrians during evacuation, and briefly summarizes the important conclusions of pedestrian safety in subway station construction code. This paper analyzes the theoretical basis and typical models of pedestrian evacuation and their modeling process, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several key models and their relations with each other, and provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of pedestrian evacuation models. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the characteristics of subway station structure and the advantages and disadvantages of pedestrian flow model, aiming at the particularity of subway station and the general method of passenger flow organization, based on the theory of cellular automata, the behavior of pedestrian affection and mutual assistance is established. A pedestrian flow evacuation model with changing exit selection. The transition rules are pointed out when the two pedestrian psychological conditions are taken into account respectively, and the local area of ticket entrance is analyzed separately. A special transition rule is established in the area divided by the ticket-checking machine, and the movement mode of the pedestrian in the local area is finally determined. Based on the pedestrian evacuation model established in this paper, with the aid of simulation software and taking typical subway stations in Beijing as the background, the rules of pedestrian transition and the simulation physical space are determined. The evacuation process of pedestrian flow is simulated intuitively by simulation software when considering the behavior of kinship and mutual help and the change of pedestrian exit choice. The results show that the simulation software can well show the behavior of considering the relationship and mutual help created in this paper. The pedestrian evacuation model with variable exit selection can also better represent the movement of pedestrian flow. In this paper, the cellular automata model of pedestrian evacuation is established. Based on the existing models, a description of pedestrian psychological factors and special behavior is added. Improving the safety level of subway station has certain reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U293.6;U298;TP301.1

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