中国近海渔船气象保障系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:05

本文选题：海事作业气象保障　切入点：近海渔船　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着海洋捕捞业的快速发展,渔船海损事故高居不下。风灾事故在渔船全损事故的比重超过一半,且渔船一旦发生全损,往往导致严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。国内各相关政府机构和气象部门开展的海事气象服务中,已推出针对渔业的气象预报。此类服务不仅为渔业管理部门指挥避灾提供参考,而且还为减少和避免渔民生命与财产损失做出巨大贡献。现行渔业气象服务和相关研究中,多侧重气象预报资料的获取,预报方法以及预报精度等方面。针对渔业船舶船型不一、通信手段单一以及应变反应慢等不足还未较多涉足,从而导致相关预报产品,缺乏针对性和专业性,与传统预报类似,具有精细化不足、功能单一的缺点。本文针对以上不足,做了以下工作：(1)对各渔船船型进行研究,通过数据调研和查阅文献获取相关资料,并依据专家问卷调查结果,建立了基于模糊综合评判方法的黄渤海海区渔业船舶的风险评估模型；(2)设计相关海区气象预警与避险评估系统。该系统可根据专业气象部门提供的数值天气预报数据,直观显示各渔区未来72h的风、浪、流等水文气象状况,根据预设的渔业船舶风险评估模型,实时地进行各船型风险评估,并根据评估结果给出风险预警；对渔船避风方案进行模拟推演和风险预估,给出相关渔区各船型最佳避风港口选择方案；(3)进行功能验证实验,分析时效性和安全性,总结不足和待改进之处。本课题有助于气象部门做出更具时效性,针对性的专业气象服务。结合黄渤海海洋气象平台,提供实时、动态、直观的图像化预警和风险评估界面,方便相关部门第一时间做出渔业避险指挥决策,有效的保障渔业人民生命和财产安全。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the marine fishing industry, the average accident of fishing vessels is very high. The proportion of wind disaster accidents in total losses of fishing vessels is more than half, and once the fishing vessels have suffered total losses, Often leading to serious casualties and property losses. Among the maritime meteorological services carried out by relevant government agencies and meteorological departments in China, meteorological forecasts for fisheries have been launched. Such services not only provide a reference for fisheries management departments to direct disaster avoidance, In addition, it has made a great contribution to reducing and avoiding the loss of life and property of fishermen. In the current fishery meteorological services and related studies, more emphasis has been placed on the acquisition of meteorological forecast data. The methods and precision of forecast have not been involved in many aspects, such as different types of fishing vessels, single means of communication and slow strain response, which leads to the lack of pertinence and professionalism of related forecast products, which is similar to traditional forecasting. Aiming at the above shortcomings, this paper has done the following work: 1) to study the vessel types of each fishing vessel, to obtain relevant information through data research and literature review, and according to the results of expert questionnaire, A risk assessment model for fishing vessels in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is established. The system can be used to design the meteorological early warning and risk avoidance assessment system in the relevant sea areas. The system can be based on the numerical weather forecast data provided by the specialized meteorological departments. The hydrometeorological conditions such as wind, wave and current in each fishing area in the next 72 hours are displayed intuitively. According to the preset risk assessment model of fishery vessel, the risk assessment of each ship type is carried out in real time, and the risk early warning is given according to the evaluation results. The simulation and risk estimation of fishing vessel's wind avoidance scheme are carried out, and the function verification experiment is carried out to analyze the timeliness and safety of each ship's best harbor selection scheme in the relevant fishing area. This topic is helpful for meteorological departments to provide more timely and targeted specialized meteorological services. Combined with the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea marine meteorological platform, it provides real-time, dynamic and intuitive graphical interface for early warning and risk assessment. It is convenient for the relevant departments to make the decision of fishery risk avoidance in the first time, and to ensure the safety of fishery people's life and property.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U698

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