我国家用应急包的优化整合设计

发布时间：2018-03-22 01:00

本文选题：防灾减灾　切入点：应急包　出处：《北京建筑大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是自然灾害多发的国家，具有种类多、损害大、地域广、频率高等特征。据统计，旱灾占57%，水灾占30%，风雹灾占8%，霜冻灾占5%，除此之外，随着人民生活水平的提高，家用电器的增多也使得火灾发生的频率也大大提高。还有突发性强、连锁性强，影响深远且无法准确预报的地震和突发公共卫生事件如SARS，禽流感等。作为现有社会的基本组成方式——家庭，不仅仅是人们居住和活动的场所，也是我们工作学习的背后支撑。无论火灾、地震还是洪水突然来临时，能否在第一时间展开自救是减少生命财产损失的关键。由于突发灾害的频繁发生，世界各国不约而同地提高了对防灾减灾工作的重视。不过，基本停留在保障灾后物质供给和完善大规模应急运输体系。以家庭为单位的自救自助尚未引起足够的重视，但普通家庭对防灾减灾应急产品的需求正逐渐升温。由于国内对家用防灾减灾产品的研究尚处于起步阶段，资料严重缺乏，甚至很多概念都没有定义，理论研究举步维艰。这更加凸显了开展家庭防灾减灾理论和家用防灾减灾应急产品研究的紧迫性和重要性。在这样的大背景下，，本文针对家用防灾减灾应急产品的设计展开研究。论文遵循提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的研究路径。通过第一章绪论来阐明课题研究背景、思路方法和论文研究价值。收集了大量国内外有关资料，介绍了课题的研究背景、研究意义和指导思想。第二章介绍了家用应急产品的起源与发展史，并对国内、国外的家用应急产品分别进行了分析、比较。对比了各自的优势和不足，总结了我国在该领域应借鉴国外先进经验的方面。第三章对我国应急产品市场进行了详细的调研，并总结了调研内容。第四章以第三章的调研成果为依据，分析了家用应急产品的设计重点与设计原则。第五章以前四章的研究成果为指导，进行整合优化设计，总结出适合我国不同人群使用的应急包（箱）并进行了详细的设计说明。论文旨在通过资料整理和调查研究，对国内应急包进行一个整合归纳、创新优化。明确适用于我国国情的应急产品，并在国内现有产品的基础上进行创新，设计出适用于我国不同人群使用的家用应急功能包（箱）。无论国内还是国外，关于家用应急产品的著作都不多，研究多集中于灾后运输、建筑、心理学等方面，但国外对家用防灾减灾产品设计的重视程度远远高于我国，尤其是处于地震高发区的日本在有关地震的预防应急方面的研究已经趋于成熟。西方发达国家不仅在家用防灾减灾产品的开发方面居于领先地位，在国民防灾减灾教育上也遥遥领先。我们应积极借鉴国外先进经验，深入开展家用防灾减灾应急产品的设计研究，迅速提高开发、设计和生产能力。时至今日，防灾减灾依然是复杂的社会化的系统工程，深入社会的方方面面。涉及各个学科领域（涉及机械车辆学、气象学、经济学、勘探学）和国民生活中的各个部门、环节，在减少人员伤亡和财产损失方面发挥着巨大作用。作为防灾减灾工作中的关键一环，家用防灾减灾应急产品的设计研究更应受到重视。
[Abstract]:China is a country prone to natural disasters, has many kinds of damage, wide area, high frequency characteristics. According to statistics, the drought flood accounted for 57%, accounting for 30%, accounting for 8% of wind and hail, frost disaster accounted for 5%, in addition, with the improvement of living standards, the increase in household appliances also makes the fire the frequency of occurrence is greatly improved. There is a sudden strong, strong chain, far-reaching influence and unable to accurately forecast the earthquake and public health emergencies such as SARS, bird flu and so on. As the basic composition of the existing social family, not just people living and activities, and we work behind both. Fire, earthquake or flood suddenly comes, whether in the first time to start self-help is the key to reduce the loss of life and property. Due to frequent sudden disasters, countries in the world generally improved for disaster prevention and mitigation work seriously. However, only perfect large-scale emergency transportation system in post disaster material supply and security. The family as a unit of self-help self-help has not yet attracted enough attention, but ordinary families for disaster prevention and emergency products demand is gradually warming. Because the domestic is still in the initial stage of research on disaster prevention and mitigation of household products, a serious lack of information, and even many have no concept definition, theoretical research difficult. This underscores the importance and urgency to carry out the research on family disaster prevention and reduction theory and domestic disaster prevention and emergency products. In this background, this paper studies the design of household products for disaster prevention and emergency.
This paper follows the questions on the path analysis of the problem - to solve the problem. The first chapter is the introduction to clarify the research background, research methods and ideas of value. A large collection of relevant information at home and abroad, introduces the research background, research significance and guiding ideology. The second chapter introduces the origin and development of domestic emergency products, and the domestic and foreign products, domestic emergency are analyzed and compared. Comparing their advantages and disadvantages, summarized our country should learn from foreign advanced experience in this field. The third chapter makes a detailed research on the emergency product market in China, and summarizes the research contents of the fourth chapter to research. The results of the third chapter according to the analysis and design of the key design principles of domestic emergency products. In the fifth chapter, the four chapter of the previous research results as a guide to optimize the design, integration, summary The emergency package is suitable for different people in China use (box) and makes a detailed description of the design. The thesis aims at data collection and Research on the domestic emergency package are summarized, an integrated optimization and innovation. Emergency products specifically applicable to the situation of our country, and in the innovation of products on the basis of design, suitable for home emergency function in different populations in China using the package (box). Both at home and abroad, a domestic emergency product works are not many studies focused on post disaster transportation, architecture, psychology and other aspects, but the country of household disaster prevention on disaster reduction of product design is far higher than that in China especially in the study, in the prevention of emergency response of the earthquake in Japan earthquake has been mature. Western developed countries not only in the leading position in the development of domestic products in the national disaster prevention and mitigation. Disaster prevention education is way ahead. We should actively learn from foreign advanced experience, carry out the design and research of domestic disaster prevention and emergency products, rapid development, design and production capacity. Today, the disaster prevention and mitigation is still a complex social system project, in-depth all aspects of society. Involving various disciplines (Mechanics vehicle science, meteorology, economics, science exploration) each department, and the national life link, plays a great role in reducing casualties and property losses. As a key part of disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster prevention and emergency design of household products should receive more attention.

【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.4;TB472

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