全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:08

本文选题：山洪灾害　切入点：调查评价　出处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：山洪灾害调查评价是1949年来水利行业最大的非工程措施项目,是规模最大的全国性防灾减灾基础信息普查工程,历时4年,涉及全国30个省305个市2138个防治县(区),国土面积755万km2,人口近9亿。运用普查、详查、外业测量、分析计算等多种手段,掌握了中国山洪灾害防治区范围、人员分布、下垫面条件、社会经济、历史山洪灾害等基本情况,科学分析了山丘区小流域的暴雨洪水特性,评价了现状防洪能力,计算了预警指标,划定了危险区,为山洪灾害预警预报和应急救援决策提供了基础信息支撑。本文系统介绍了全国山洪灾害调查评价的核心要点,综述了调查评价成果,归纳了调查评价成果要素类型,揭示了全国山洪灾害防治区、人口、历史山洪灾害事件与预警能力的空间分布一致性,即山洪灾害各要素集中分布于青藏高原-四川盆地过渡带、川滇交界地区、黄土高原区、东部沿海地区及华北等地区,最后初步探讨了该成果的应用前景。全国山洪灾害调查评价成果将为中国山洪灾害监测预警预报体系建设及防灾减灾能力提升提供丰富的基础数据支撑。
[Abstract]:The investigation and evaluation of flood disaster is the project of non engineering measures in 1949 to the water conservancy industry's largest, is the largest national disaster prevention and mitigation of basic information survey project, which lasted 4 years, involving 30 provinces 305 City, 2138 counties (districts), land area of 7 million 550 thousand Km2, nearly 900 million of the population. The census survey, outside survey, analysis and other means to master the Chinese flood disaster prevention area, personnel distribution, surface conditions, social economy, the basic situation of the historical flood disasters, scientific analysis of the storm flood characteristics of small watershed in hilly areas, evaluate the flood control capacity of the status quo, warning index calculation, delineation of the danger zone provide basic information support for mountain flood warning and emergency rescue decision. This paper introduces the main points of investigation and assessment of flood disasters in China, summarizes the investigation and evaluation results, summarizes the evaluation result of survey Type, reveals the national flood disaster prevention area, population distribution, consistency of history flood events and early warning ability of space, namely the elements of flood disasters are concentrated in the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan basin transition zone in Sichuan Yunnan area, the Loess Plateau, the eastern coastal areas of North China and other regions, finally discussed the application the prospect of the results. Results the investigation and evaluation of the flash flood disaster will provide abundant basic data support for the ability of China flood monitoring and early warning system for forecasting and disaster prevention and mitigation.

【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院;水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心;天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室;
【基金】：2014、2015、2016年全国山洪灾害防治项目建设与管理(中央本级)(1261430112030、1261530180074、126301001000150068) 中国水科院2017年国际水利水电科技发展动态调研专项(JZ0145C022017)
【分类号】：TV87;X43

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