矿井水资源化利用新工艺与新型膜材料研发

发布时间：2018-03-27 12:57

本文选题：矿井水资源化　切入点：管式膜　出处：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,我国煤炭开采一直是以牺牲矿区环境为代价。随着我国煤炭产量的不断增加,煤炭开采所带来的环境问题愈加突出,其中水资源的破坏问题最为明显,也最为敏感,因为我国大部分矿区分布在中西部干旱半干旱地区。此外,传统采煤理论强调了矿井水的灾害性,而忽略了水的资源性,并把水作为灾害的根源加以处理,“疏干”、“排水”等矿井防治水方法不仅造成大量水资源浪费,而且有害的地下水还会导致次生的污染。因此,矿井水的资源化再利用变得迫在眉睫。本文介绍了现行的矿井水循环利用的方法。首先将矿井水抽至地面,在地面的水处理站通过絮凝沉淀,砂-碳过滤及超滤和反渗透工艺进行净化处理后再返回到井下进行利用。该工艺具有管路冗长复杂,能耗高,加药量大,运行成本高,防爆性差,大量占据地上空间的缺点,因此,探索矿井水资源化利用的新工艺、新方法、新材料便成了煤炭工业节能减排与可持续发展的新目标。本文提出采用管式膜(TMF)预处理,用膜蒸馏(MD)工艺进行深度净化的工艺。且该工艺设备全部采用压缩空气作为动力,无需防爆,模块化,根据现场产地及水质要求,可拆零至工作面单独处理,也可拼装至井底水仓进行综合治理,节省空间,无需提升至地面,节省电能,无需加药,运行成本低,处理水质高,完全可以回用至工作面,不仅可以提供工人的饮用水,还可为井下设备提供乳化液配置水等。设备整体使用寿命长,运行成本低,一个工作面完成可搬迁至另一工作面。由于用于膜蒸馏的疏水多孔膜,在膜污染的情况下容易导致膜孔被润湿,从而使得膜面变得亲水化,使得水质变差。本文提出采用聚氨酯材料制作致密无孔膜用作膜蒸馏,致密膜可从根本上解决膜孔被润湿的问题,此外,聚氨酯材料独特的微相分离构造,可以加速水分子的透过速度,提高膜的水通量。为了进一步提高膜的水通量,本文还提出采用亲水性沸石与聚氨酯高分子材料复合制得致密薄膜用于膜蒸馏。亲水性沸石的孔径只允许水分子通过,而将其他盐类的分子阻止在外,配合聚氨酯膜的微相分离构造,在保证足够高的盐分阻止率的前提下,可以大大提高该膜的水通量,是一种较有发展前景的膜材料。
[Abstract]:For a long time, coal mining in China has been at the expense of mining environment. With the increasing of coal production in China, the environmental problems caused by coal mining have become more and more prominent, among which the destruction of water resources is the most obvious and sensitive. Because most of the mining areas in China are distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of the central and western regions. In addition, the traditional coal mining theory emphasizes the disaster of mine water, while neglecting the resources of water. And treat the water as the source of the disaster, "dredge", "drain" and other mine water prevention methods not only cause a large amount of water resources waste, but also harmful groundwater will lead to secondary pollution. The reuse of mine water becomes urgent. This paper introduces the current method of recycling mine water. Firstly, the mine water is pumped to the ground and flocculated and precipitated at the water treatment station on the ground. Sand carbon filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis process are cleaned up and then returned to underground for use. The process has the disadvantages of long and complicated pipeline, high energy consumption, high dosage, high running cost, poor explosion-proof, and a large amount of space occupied on the ground. Therefore, exploring the new technology, new method and new material of mine water resource utilization has become the new goal of energy saving and emission reduction and sustainable development of coal industry. The process of deep purification with membrane distillation (MD) process. The process equipment uses compressed air as the power, no explosion protection, modularization, according to the field production area and water quality requirements, can be removed to the face of separate treatment, It can also be assembled to the bottom of the well for comprehensive treatment, saving space, no need to raise to the ground, saving electricity, no need to add medicine, low operating cost, high treatment quality, and can be completely reused to the working face, not only to provide workers with drinking water, The whole equipment has long service life, low operating cost, one working face can be moved to another face. Because of the hydrophobic porous membrane used in membrane distillation, In the case of membrane fouling, the membrane pore is easily wetted, which makes the membrane surface hydrophilic and makes the water quality worse. In this paper, a dense porous membrane made of polyurethane is used as membrane distillation. In addition, the unique microphase separation structure of polyurethane material can accelerate the permeation speed of water molecules and increase the water flux of membrane. In order to further increase the water flux of the membrane, the densified membrane can fundamentally solve the problem of wetting the membrane pore. It is also proposed that the dense membrane prepared by the combination of hydrophilic zeolite and polyurethane polymer material can be used in membrane distillation. The pore size of hydrophilic zeolite is only allowed to pass by water molecules, while other salt molecules are blocked out. Combined with the micro-phase separation structure of polyurethane membrane, the water flux of the membrane can be greatly increased under the premise of ensuring a sufficient salt retention rate. It is a promising membrane material.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD74;TB383.2

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