路网环境下高速公路交通安全和运行效率保障技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:57

本文选题：路网环境　切入点：高速公路　出处：《长安大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以路网环境下高速公路交通安全和高效运行的需求为出发点，综合采用文献研究法、数学建模法、经验总结法、对比分析法、功能分析法等对高速公路运行保障技术体系进行了研究，内容包括高速公路交通安全风险预警、高速公路交通事故影响范围分析、事故条件下高速公路交通运行状态评价、事故条件下高速公路交通组织技术、高速公路交通设施运行效率保障技术以及事故条件下高速公路交通组织管理系统研究。对于常态情况，为了预防和减少事故发生，研究了高速公路交通安全风险预警。将高速公路交通安全风险预警分为一级预警——高速公路交通安全风险评价和二级预警——高速公路交通安全风险敏感性分析。对于一级预警，论文将层次分析法（AHP）、逼近理想点排序法（TOPSIS）、秩和比法（RSR）三种方法结合起来，创新性地形成了基于AHP-T OPSIS-RSR法的高速公路交通安全风险评价模型，通过结算得到高速公路交通安全风险等级；对于二级预警，论文采用基于正交试验的敏感度分析法，根据敏感度值排序确定敏感风险因素。对于事故发生的情形，通过研究事故条件下车辆绕行行为，研究了高速公路交通事故影响范围。将事故条件下驾驶人的路径选择行为分为“绕行”和“不绕行”两类；对于不绕行的情况，用交通波理论研究受高速公路交通事故影响的路段范围；对于绕行的情况，用改进的Logit随机路径选择模型研究上游车辆的绕行路径选择状况，得到受绕行影响的各路段的交通量；通过对比正常情况下与事故绕行情况下各路段交通量的变化情况，确定哪些路段为受影响路段，最终确定高速公路交通事故影响路网。为了确定高速公路交通事故影响程度，通过建立针对事故条件下高速公路节点、路段、路网三个层面的交通运行状态评价指标体系和评价方法，根据事故条件下节点、路段、路网所处的交通运行状态的优劣来确定事故影响程度的大小。为了快速消除事故影响，在区域交通组织基础理论——包括路网形态分析、事故影响区划分、事故持续时间分析和主要交通组织方式及其适应性分析的基础上，重点针对基本路段和隧道事故的紧急交通组织技术进行了研究，确定了不同事故情形下的交通组织方案。为了在常态条件下防止事故发生和事故条件下减轻事故伤害，研究了高速公路交通设施运行保障技术问题。在国内外最新技术规范和标准的基础上，引入国内外先进的交通设施设计理念，，应用最新的理论和应用成果，分别研究了交通标志、标线、护栏、可变信息标志（VMS）、以及其他安全设施的优化，并从照明灯具选择及照明控制两方面对隧道照明进行了优化。最后，为了实现路网环境下高速公路交通安全和运行效率保障技术体系的计算机化，研究了事故条件下高速公路交通组织管理系统，设计了系统框架。论文的研究对于解决目前我国高速公路存在的交通安全状况差和运行效率低的问题，改善高速公路运行状况、提高抗风险能力，从而提高运营效益，具有较大的理论和应用意义。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the highway traffic safety and efficient operation of the network environment needs as the starting point, the comprehensive use of literature study, mathematical modeling method, experience method, comparative analysis, functional analysis and other research on the security technology system of expressway operation, including highway traffic safety risk warning analysis of expressway traffic accident influence scope highway traffic state evaluation, accident conditions, highway traffic organization technology under accident conditions, highway traffic facilities efficiency security technology and accident conditions of highway traffic management system.
For normal circumstances, in order to prevent and reduce accidents on freeway traffic safety risk early warning. The freeway traffic safety risk early warning as a warning: freeway traffic safety risk assessment and early warning level two - highway traffic safety risk sensitivity analysis. For a warning, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), close to the ideal permutation method (TOPSIS), RSR method (RSR) combining three methods, creatively formed a freeway traffic safety risk evaluation AHP-T model based on OPSIS-RSR method, get the freeway traffic safety risk level through the settlement; for the two warning, the sensitivity analysis method based on orthogonal test, according to the sensitive value to determine the sensitive risk factors ranking.
The accident happened, the vehicle accident conditions of bypass behavior, research on expressway traffic accident influence scope. The accident conditions of driver route choice behavior is divided into "bypass" and "bypass" two; for the situation that some of the affected highway traffic accidents on road traffic wave theory for the situation that some of the range; with the improved Logit random path selection of upstream model vehicle bypass path selection, traffic each section by the bypass bypass impact; changes in the road traffic conditions and accidents by comparing the normal circumstances, determine which sections of the affected roads, and ultimately determine the highway influence of road traffic accidents.
In order to determine the degree of influence of highway traffic accidents, through the establishment of the node, Expressway accident conditions section, the evaluation index system and evaluation method of traffic running in three level network, according to the accident under the condition of node, road traffic condition, the quality to determine the size of the extent of the impact of the accident.
To eliminate the impact of the accident in the regional traffic organization theory -- including network morphology analysis, the effects of the accident area, analysis and adaptability of incident duration analysis and main traffic organization mode, focus on emergency traffic organization technology for basic section and tunnel accidents were studied, to determine the traffic organization scheme of different accident scenarios next.
In order to prevent accidents and accident conditions under normal conditions to reduce accidents, the freeway traffic facilities operation efficiencytechnologies. At home and abroad the latest technical specifications and standards on the basis of introducing the concept of domestic and foreign advanced design of traffic facilities, the latest theoretical and practical application of the results, studied traffic sign. Marking, guardrail, variable message signs (VMS), as well as the optimization of other safety facilities, and lighting and lighting control from the two aspects of the optimization of tunnel lighting.
Finally, in order to realize the computerization of the technical system of highway traffic safety and operation efficiency under the road network environment, we studied the traffic organization and management system of freeway under accident conditions, and designed the system framework.
The research of this paper is of great theoretical and practical significance to solve the problems of poor traffic safety and low operation efficiency of our highways, improve the operation status of expressway, improve the ability to resist risks, and improve operational efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.8

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