危化企业高危作业岗位风险分级体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 05:38

本文选题：危化企业　切入点：高危作业岗位　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济迅速发展的大环境下,随着化学工业的蓬勃发展,危化企业灾害事故频发,且一旦发生事故,就会造成人员重大伤亡和财产巨大损失,无数惨痛的教训促使我们对危化企业的安全问题不断探索,总结事故发生的经验教训,得知事故的发生往往跟作业岗位存在的风险隐患有着很大的关系。针对这一现象,本文提出危化企业高危作业岗位风险分级体系的研究及应用,为企业管理人员更方便、准确地抓住关键控制点提供技术支撑,从而提高企业风险管理与防控水平。根据危化企业高危作业岗位存在的五种风险类型:中毒、窒息;易燃、易爆;腐蚀、灼伤;环境危害和其他,以及高危作业岗位的作业特点和发生事故的主要特征,分析其存在的风险影响.因素,并采用德尔菲法通过问卷调查表的形式确定风险分级指标;在LEC法的理论基础上,结合风险的定义,以事故发生的可能性、事故造成后果的严重程度及人员暴露的频繁程度三个维度来建立高危作业岗位风险分级模型,从而构建了危化企业高危作业岗位风险分级体系。通过云模型和专家打分法相结合,确定了风险分级各个指标的权重,并进行权重归一化,不仅有效地避开了固定权重值的缺陷,也弱化了专家主观因素对结果的影响。风险分级的标准通过参考重大危险源分级标准来确定,分为低风险、中等风险、较高风险和高风险,基于工程应用项目高危作业岗位各个风险分级指标的得分和权重值,计算风险指数值,并确定风险等级,然后分析其存在的风险隐患并提出相应的整改措施。通过对淮南某60万吨/年联碱项目的工程实际应用表明,根据第一次作业条件下的结果,在对风险较高的作业岗位采取有针对性的改进措施后,得到第二次作业条件下各个岗位的风险等级,由两次结果对比可知,本文提出的方法不仅具有良好的科学性和合理性,还具有更好的动态性和可操作性,能够准确方便的辨识出高风险作业岗位及其存在的风险隐患,对危化企业管理高危作业岗位具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Under the environment of rapid economic development, with the vigorous development of chemical industry, disasters and accidents of dangerous chemical enterprises occur frequently, and once accidents occur, they will cause heavy casualties and huge losses of property. Numerous painful lessons have prompted us to explore the safety problems of dangerous chemical enterprises, sum up the experience and lessons of accidents, and know that accidents often have a great relationship with the hidden risks existing in operational posts. In view of this phenomenon, This paper puts forward the research and application of risk classification system for high-risk jobs in dangerous chemical enterprises, which provides technical support for managers to grasp the critical control points more conveniently and accurately. In order to improve the level of enterprise risk management and prevention and control. According to the five risk types of high-risk operations in dangerous chemical enterprises: poisoning, asphyxiation, flammability, explosive, corrosion, burns, environmental hazards and others, The operational characteristics of high-risk jobs and the main characteristics of accidents are analyzed, and the risk factors are analyzed, and the risk classification index is determined by using the Delphi method in the form of questionnaire. Combined with the definition of risk, the risk classification model of high risk operations is established from three dimensions: the possibility of accident, the severity of accident consequences and the frequency of personnel exposure. By combining cloud model with expert scoring method, the weight of each index of risk classification is determined, and the weight is normalized. It not only effectively avoids the defect of fixed weight value, but also weakens the influence of subjective factors on the result. The criterion of risk classification is determined by referring to the criterion of major risk source classification, which can be divided into low risk and medium risk. High risk and high risk, based on the scores and weights of each risk classification index of high-risk job post in engineering application project, the value of risk index is calculated, and the risk grade is determined. Then, the hidden risks are analyzed and the corresponding rectification measures are put forward. Through the practical application of a 600000 ton / year combined alkali project in Huainan, it is shown that, according to the results of the first operation, After taking targeted improvement measures to the high risk job, the risk grade of each post under the condition of the second operation is obtained. By comparing the two results, we can see that the method proposed in this paper is not only scientific and reasonable. It also has better dynamic and maneuverability, which can identify the high risk job and its hidden danger accurately and conveniently, and has certain guiding significance for the dangerous enterprise to manage the high risk job post.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ086

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