高速铁路声屏障降噪效果预测及新型声屏障设计

发布时间：2018-03-30 19:13

本文选题：高速铁路　切入点：车外噪声　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速铁路给人们的出行带来了方便、快捷和舒适,但随之产生的噪声给周边居民带来了严重的影响。因此降低高速铁路车外噪声是一个亟待解决的问题,而采用声屏障技术是最有效的措施之一。本文建立了高速铁路声屏障数值预测模型,用于高速铁路声屏障降噪效果评估和设计,主要工作和结论如下：第一部分,介绍了常用的声屏障降噪效果预测方法,比较了不同方法间的精度和适用性,包括：经验法、几何绕射法、边界元法。经验法能准确计算半无限长等简单声屏障的插入损失；几何绕射法能预测不同声波间干涉现象,但对受声点位置和计算频率有要求；边界元是相对有效的计算方法,具有较高计算精度。第二部分,针对高速列车典型运行工况,根据IS03095.2005标准和相关测试方法,对京沪线高速列车通过时的噪声特性进行测试,分析了等效连续A计权声压级、通过噪声时间历程和频谱特性,了解高速列车车外噪声水平及显著频率。第三部分,基于边界元理论,利用高速列车车外声源识别测试结果,建立高速铁路声屏障降噪效果数值预测模型,模型中考虑了车体和轨道结构,并与现场试验结果对比验证,吻合良好。基于该预测模型,讨论了影响声屏障插入损失的因素,其中包括列车不同位置声源的影响、声屏障几何形状(声屏障高度、头型)和吸声条件的影响。最后,在分析了我国高速列车车外噪声特性及现有声屏障结构的基础上,为进一步降低列车和声屏障之间的多重反射,设计了一种新型扩散声屏障结构,利用边界元方法和样品试验调查扩散型声屏障的降噪性能,并与现有声屏障对比,为改善声屏障的降噪性能提供重要参考。
[Abstract]:High-speed railway brings convenience, rapidity and comfort to people's travel, but the noise caused by it has brought serious influence to the surrounding residents. Therefore, reducing the external noise of high-speed railway is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, a numerical prediction model of high speed railway noise barrier is established, which is used to evaluate and design the noise reduction effect of high speed railway noise barrier. The main work and conclusions are as follows:. In the first part, the prediction methods of noise reduction effect of noise barrier are introduced, and the accuracy and applicability of different methods are compared, including: empirical method, geometric diffraction method, Boundary element method. The empirical method can accurately calculate the insertion loss of a simple sound barrier, such as semi-infinite length, and the geometric diffraction method can predict the interference phenomena between different sound waves, but requires the position of the receiving sound point and the calculation frequency, and the boundary element is a relatively effective calculation method. It has high calculation precision. In the second part, according to the IS03095.2005 standard and related test methods, the noise characteristics of high-speed trains passing through the Beijing-Shanghai line are tested, and the equivalent continuous A weighted sound pressure level is analyzed. Based on the noise time history and spectrum characteristics, the external noise level and significant frequency of high speed train are understood. In the third part, based on the boundary element theory, a numerical prediction model of noise reduction effect of high speed railway noise barrier is established by using the test results of external sound source identification of high-speed train. The structure of car body and track is considered in the model. Based on the prediction model, the factors affecting the insertion loss of the sound barrier are discussed, including the influence of the sound source at different positions of the train, the geometric shape of the sound barrier (the height of the sound barrier). Head type) and the influence of sound absorption conditions. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of external noise and the existing noise barrier structure of high-speed train in China, a new diffusive noise barrier structure is designed to further reduce the multiple reflection between train and noise barrier. The noise reduction performance of diffusion noise barrier is investigated by boundary element method and sample test, and compared with the existing noise barrier, which provides an important reference for improving the noise reduction performance of noise barrier.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TB535;U213.83

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