汽车撞击荷载及其作用下高速列车与桥梁系统动力响应与列车运行安全研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 02:08

本文选题：铁路桥梁　切入点：汽车撞击荷载　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着国内外交通事业的迅速发展,铁路桥梁跨度不断增大,列车速度不断提高,桥梁的振动问题日趋突出。与此同时,随着交通事务日益繁忙,汽车撞击桥梁结构的事故也越发频繁。本文在国家重点基础研究计划“973”项目“高速铁路基础结构动态性能演变及服役安全基础研究(2013CB036203)”、国家自然科学基金项目“汽车撞击引起的桥梁振动对高速列车运行安全的影响研究(51308035)”的资助下,针对汽车撞击荷载引起的桥梁结构振动以及由此引发的桥上高速列车的运行安全问题,展开了较深入的研究,主要研究内容和创新点包括： (1)对国内外桥梁遭受汽车撞击而引发重大事故的情况和相关的研究现状进行了综述,阐述了研究汽车撞击荷载引起的桥梁振动和列车运行安全问题的必要性,总结了一般情况下车桥动力相互作用问题的研究内容及主要研究方法,说明了论文的选题意义和立项依据。 (2)结合国内外铁路、公路设计规范和相关研究成果,参考船舶、流冰等撞击桥梁过程中撞击荷载的既有研究,总结了汽车撞击荷载的设计方法(总体平均法、局部平均法、简化荷载脉冲法、等效位移法)以及理论分析、数值模拟和试验结果。分析了汽车撞击荷载的持时、最大幅值、作用位置等特点,为确定列车-桥梁系统动力分析模型中的汽车撞击荷载取值方法提供了依据。 (3)建立了汽车撞击荷载作用下的车桥耦合系统动力分析模型,编制了相关的计算程序。车辆模型采用多刚体动力学方法建立,桥梁模型采用振型叠加法建立,轮轨垂向作用力按照轮轨密贴假定定义,轮轨横向作用力按照简化的Kalker蠕滑理论定义,汽车撞击力作用时程以节点动荷载模拟。提出了一种适用于快速评估汽车撞击作用下桥上列车行车安全评估的简化模型,经对比发现简化模型能大大提高计算效率且计算结果总体上偏于安全。 (4)利用车—轨—桥耦合动力试验平台,通过模型试验定性研究了横向撞击力对桥梁及桥上车辆运行安全的影响规律。通过观察发现撞击过程中桥墩底部动应变、墩顶动位移、墩顶加速度,梁的横向动位移和加速度,以及车辆的三向车体加速度等动力响应大幅提高,影响行车安全。 (5)选取现役铁路线路上典型桥梁进行试验,鉴于实际撞击的昂贵性和破坏性,采用力锤横向敲击力代替汽车横向撞击力,对桥梁及桥上车辆运行安全的影响规律进行初步探讨。结果表明,横向撞击使桥梁的动力响应大幅度增加,并对车辆运行安全有潜在隐患。根据试验响应和输入量进行拉普拉斯变化求得墩梁的传递函数,将汽车撞击力时程在频域内与传递函数相乘后的结果进行IFFT变化,假设撞击过程中桥梁处于线形状态,求出的响应在工程领域内作为汽车撞击作用下桥梁响应的快速估算。 (6)利用所建立的计算模型和自编程序,以京沪高铁南京大胜关长江大桥南引桥32m简支梁桥为实例,按照德国低F扰谱谱轨道不平顺条件,通过模拟计算,考虑有无汽车撞击两种情况,对德国ICE3列车的脱轨系数等运行安全指标进行了时程分析,验证了简化模型的计算效率和可靠性,可用于工程人员快速评估汽车撞击对列车行车安全。结果表明汽车荷载撞击桥梁对高速列车的影响不可忽略。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the traffic cause at home and abroad , the span of railway bridges is continuously increasing , the train speed is continuously improved , and the vibration problem of the bridge is increasingly prominent . At the same time , with the increasingly busy traffic affairs , the accidents of the bridge structure become more frequent . At the same time , the bridge vibration caused by the impact load of the automobile and the running safety of the high - speed train on the bridge caused by the impact load of the automobile under the financing of the national key basic research plan " 973 " project " Dynamic Performance Evolution and Service Safety Basic Research ( 2013CB036203 ) " , the main research contents and the innovation points include :

( 1 ) In this paper , the necessity of studying the problems of bridge vibration and train operation safety caused by car impact load is summarized in this paper . The research contents and main research methods of the dynamic interaction problem of the bridge are summarized , and the significance and basis of the thesis are explained .

( 2 ) According to the existing research on the impact load in the process of impact bridge such as ship and flow ice , the paper summarizes the existing research on the impact load in the process of impact bridge such as ship and stream ice , and summarizes the design methods of vehicle impact load ( general average method , local average method , simplified load pulse method , equivalent displacement method ) , theoretical analysis , numerical simulation and test results .

( 3 ) The dynamic analysis model of axle coupling system under the action of vehicle impact load is established , and the relevant calculation program is worked out . The vehicle model is established by the multi - rigid body dynamics method .

( 4 ) Using vehicle - rail - bridge coupled power test platform , the influence law of lateral impact force on the running safety of bridge and bridge is studied by model test . Through observation , the dynamic response of the dynamic strain , pier top dynamic displacement , pier top acceleration , lateral dynamic displacement and acceleration of the beam and the three - way vehicle acceleration of the vehicle are found to be greatly improved and the driving safety is affected .

( 5 ) Selection of typical bridges on existing railway lines is carried out . In view of the expensive and destructive impact of the actual impact , the influence of lateral impact on bridge and vehicle running safety is discussed . The results show that the dynamic response of the bridge is greatly increased and the safety of the vehicle is hidden danger . According to the test response and the input quantity , the transfer function of the pier beam is obtained . The result of the multiplication of the vehicle impact force in the frequency domain and the transfer function is changed . The response of the bridge is assumed to be in the linear state in the course of the impact , and the response is calculated as a quick estimate of the bridge response in the field of engineering .

( 6 ) Using the established calculation model and the self - compiled program , taking the 32m simple beam bridge as an example of the south approach bridge of Nanjing Great Shengguan Changjiang River Bridge in Beijing - Shanghai high - speed rail , the paper analyzes the running safety indexes such as the derail coefficient of the German ICE3 train by simulating calculation according to the non - smooth condition of the low F - disturbance spectrum of Germany , and verifies the calculation efficiency and the reliability of the simplified model , and can be used for the engineering personnel to quickly assess the vehicle impact on the train driving safety . The result shows that the impact of the vehicle load impact bridge on the high - speed train is not negligible .

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U441.3;U298.1

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