车用压缩天然气（CNG）气瓶事故风险评估

发布时间：2018-04-02 02:07

本文选题：车用CNG气瓶　切入点：风险评估　出处：《西南石油大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国许多城市出现大范围、长时间的雾霾天气,引发公众对空气污染的强烈关注,国家相关部门也在采取相关措施降低污染程度。天气恶劣除了与当前经济建设发展有关外,还与车辆尾气排放物增多密切相关。因此,以天然气为燃料的汽车,因其尾气有害物质排放量可大大减少的优点逐渐被大众所接受,CNG汽车越来越多。但是,随着CNG汽车的增多,大众也意识到CNG气瓶安全性也不容忽视,前些年,发生了许多CNG汽车火灾爆炸事故,多数是由于气瓶原因造成,使人们对CNG汽车望而却步。车用CNG气瓶属于高压容器,加上容器内的介质属于易燃易爆气体,一旦发生事故,后果不容忽视。同时由于气瓶长时间处于运行状态,可能会遭遇各种各样的外来因素。因此,本文通过查阅了相关文献以及现场调研,认真对车用CNG气瓶事故可能性进行分析,建立了车用CNG气瓶事故树,根据事故树的最小割集和结构重要度,辨识出车用CNG气瓶事故可能性的主要因素；通过归纳分析,将车用CNG气瓶事故可能性因素分为气瓶本体质量、工况因素、安全因素和外来因素四大方面,建立车用CNG气瓶事故可能性指标体系；运用网络层次分析法(ANP)计算各指标体系权重,然后根据权重对各指标赋值,参照相关文献,确定车用CNG气瓶事故可能性等级划分。由于气瓶事故后果包括火灾和爆炸,由于爆炸造成的危害较大,本文主要针对爆炸后果进行分析,爆炸又可分为物理爆炸和蒸气云爆炸(VEC),本文利用TNT当量法计算气瓶爆炸后果,参照交通事故后果等级划分原则,确定车用CNG气瓶事故后果等级划分标准。根据车用CNG气瓶事故可能性和事故等级划分标准,建立车用CNG气瓶事故风险矩阵。以成都市某出租车气瓶举例分析,得到该气瓶事故风险等级为较高风险。根据车用CNG气瓶事故可能性指标体系各因素以及后果提出车用CNG气瓶事故风险管理方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large scale and long time haze weather has appeared in many cities in China, which has aroused strong public concern on air pollution, and the relevant government departments are also taking relevant measures to reduce the degree of pollution.The bad weather is not only related to the development of current economic construction, but also closely related to the increase of vehicle exhaust emissions.Therefore, CNG vehicles with natural gas as fuel have been accepted more and more by the public because of the advantage that their emissions of harmful substances can be greatly reduced.However, with the increase of CNG vehicles, the public also realized that the safety of CNG cylinders should not be ignored. In the past few years, a lot of fire and explosion accidents occurred in CNG vehicles, most of them were caused by the reasons of gas cylinders, which made people put off CNG vehicles.The vehicle CNG cylinder belongs to the high pressure vessel, and the medium in the container belongs to flammable and explosive gas. Once the accident occurs, the consequence can not be ignored.At the same time, because the cylinder is in operation for a long time, it may encounter a variety of external factors.Therefore, through consulting relevant documents and field investigation, this paper analyzes the possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder accident seriously, and establishes the vehicle CNG cylinder accident tree, according to the minimum cut set and structure importance degree of the accident tree.The main factors of the accident possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder are identified, and the possibility factors of vehicle CNG cylinder accident are classified into four aspects: cylinder bulk quality, operating condition factor, safety factor and external factor by inductive analysis.The possibility index system of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is established, and the weight of each index system is calculated by using the network analytic hierarchy process (AHP). According to the weight of each index, the classification of the possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is determined according to the relevant literature.Since the consequences of the gas cylinder accident include fire and explosion, because of the great harm caused by the explosion, this paper mainly analyzes the explosion consequences, which can be divided into physical explosion and vapor cloud explosion. In this paper, the TNT equivalent method is used to calculate the explosion consequences of the gas cylinder.According to the principle of traffic accident consequence classification, the classification standard of vehicle CNG cylinder accident consequence grade is determined.According to the criterion of accident possibility and grade of CNG cylinder for vehicle, the accident risk matrix of CNG cylinder for vehicle is established.A case study of a taxi cylinder in Chengdu shows that the accident risk grade of the gas cylinder is higher.According to the factors and consequences of the possibility index system of vehicle CNG cylinder accident, the risk management scheme of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.8;U469.7

【参考文献】