典型工业防爆场所静电定量检测与危害评价

发布时间：2018-04-08 08:00

本文选题：石化企业　切入点：危险源辨识　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：石化企业在生产、加工、处理、储运石油、天然气等产品过程中，不可避免地会出现爆炸性混合物或者火灾危险物质，若存在静电放电产生点火源，将可能引起火灾或爆炸，国内外石化企业易燃易爆场所静电火灾爆炸事故时有发生。为有效预防和控制静电火灾爆炸事故，应用科学有效的方法预先辨识、评价、控制石化企业存在的各种静电火灾隐患十分必要。目前，针对石化企业静电事故研究主要集中在事故原因与事故预防措施两方面，而石化企业静电危险因素辨识理论还不尽成熟，静电火灾爆炸风险评价方法理论体系尚待建立。基于危险源辨识理论与风险评价方法，本文主要从以下四个方面来开展石化企业静电定量检测与危害评价研究：（1）石化企业静电危险因素辨识与静电火灾爆炸事故机理研究。基于静电火灾事故发生的条件，分析石化企业存在的静电危险源及潜在静电放电形式。分析石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故机理，探究石化企业孕育事故的源头，发现事故形成的规律及推动事故发展的动力，以期寻求控制石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故的应对策略。从辨识的静电危险源中选取石化企业静电检测对象，探究具体静电定量检测参数与检测方法。（2）石化企业输油管道系统静电特性实验研究。分析输油管道静电起电机理与影响因素，根据建立的静电危险因素辨识方法，分析输油管道系统中存在的点、线、面三类静电危险源和管道可能发生的静电放电形式，，搭建多功能输油管道系统静电特性研究平台，选取管道静电泄漏电流作为测量对象，研究流速、管径、管材对管道静电起电影响程度，得出了油品安全流速计算方法。（3）构建石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故危险性评价模型。提出石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故评价指标体系，包括事故发生可能性、事故可能后果、控制与可监控状态，确定量化石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故可能性与事故可能后果的方法。基于改进MLS评价法，构建石化企业静电火灾爆炸事故危险性评价模型。为预防静电事故，提出包括工程技术对策、环境控制、有关静电安全的企业安全文化的防静电事故具体对策措施。（4）防爆场所静电火灾爆炸事故危险性评价实例应用。以广州市南沙区某油库为应用研究对象，应用静电火灾爆炸事故危险性评价模型对该油库静电风险和静电管理状态进行定量评价，并针对其存在的静电隐患因素和管理缺陷提出改进对策。
[Abstract]:In the production, processing, processing, storage and transportation of petroleum, natural gas and other products in petrochemical enterprises, explosive mixtures or fire dangerous substances will inevitably appear. If there is a source of ignition from electrostatic discharge, it may cause fire or explosion.Domestic and foreign petrochemical enterprises flammable and explosive site electrostatic fire explosion accidents occur from time to time.In order to effectively prevent and control electrostatic fire and explosion accidents, it is necessary to apply scientific and effective methods to identify, evaluate and control all kinds of electrostatic fire hazards in petrochemical enterprises.At present, the research on electrostatic accidents in petrochemical enterprises is mainly focused on the accident cause and accident prevention measures, but the identification theory of electrostatic hazard factors in petrochemical enterprises is not yet mature, and the theoretical system of the risk assessment method of electrostatic fire and explosion needs to be established.Based on the hazard source identification theory and risk assessment method, this paper mainly from the following four aspects to carry out the petrochemical enterprise electrostatic quantitative detection and hazard evaluation research:1) Identification of electrostatic risk factors and mechanism of electrostatic fire and explosion in petrochemical enterprises.Based on the conditions of electrostatic fire accident, the electrostatic hazard sources and potential electrostatic discharge forms in petrochemical enterprises are analyzed.This paper analyzes the mechanism of electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises, probes into the source of the accident in petrochemical enterprises, finds out the law of formation of the accident and the motive force to promote the development of the accident, in order to seek the countermeasures for controlling the electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises.From the identified electrostatic hazard sources, select the petrochemical enterprises electrostatic detection object, explore the specific electrostatic quantitative detection parameters and detection methods.Experimental study on Electrostatic characteristics of Oil Pipeline system in Petrochemical Enterprises.This paper analyzes the mechanism and influencing factors of electrostatic generator in oil pipeline, and according to the identification method of electrostatic hazard factor, analyzes three kinds of electrostatic hazard sources, such as points, lines and surfaces, and the possible electrostatic discharge forms of pipeline.A platform for studying electrostatic characteristics of multifunctional oil pipeline system is built, and the electrostatic leakage current of pipeline is selected as the measuring object. The influence of flow velocity, pipe diameter and pipe material on electrostatic generation of pipeline is studied, and the calculation method of safe flow rate of oil product is obtained.3) to construct the hazard assessment model of electrostatic fire and explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises.The evaluation index system of electrostatic fire explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises is put forward, including the possibility of accidents, the possible consequences of accidents, the state of control and monitoring, and the method of quantifying the possibility of electrostatic fire and explosion accidents and the possible consequences of accidents in petrochemical enterprises.Based on the improved MLS evaluation method, the risk assessment model of electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises is established.In order to prevent electrostatic accidents, the countermeasures including engineering technology, environmental control and enterprise safety culture of electrostatic safety are put forward.4) Application of hazard assessment of electrostatic fire and explosion accident in explosion-proof site.Taking an oil depot in Nansha District of Guangzhou as the applied research object, the electrostatic risk and electrostatic management state of the oil depot were quantitatively evaluated by using the hazard assessment model of electrostatic fire and explosion accident.The improvement countermeasures are put forward in view of the existing electrostatic hidden trouble factors and management defects.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X937;X932

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