危险化学品储罐突发性典型事故风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:56

本文选题：风险评价 + 液氨储罐　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来我国化工园区建设发展迅速,而工业园区基本都建有大规模的贮罐区,这些贮罐区内存放着大量有毒、有害、易燃、易爆危险化学品,大多属重大危险源,据统计,此类危险化学品发生泄漏事故的频率在突发性污染事故中属于频率较高的一种。化工厂为了方便常用危险化学品贮存,通常以液化、高压、低温等形式将其存储于储罐等高压或常压容器中,因储存条件苛刻,同时伴随多种人为失误导致的危险操作,使得危险化学品储罐成为重大风险源,当储存容器发生泄露时,有毒有害物质泄漏至大气中,会导致人身伤害及环境污染,并有可能伴随火灾或爆炸等恶性事故。因此针对化学品突发性典型事故进行风险评价研究十分必要且具有实际意义,参考以往文献资料,近年来液氨、液氯储罐泄漏事故为发生频率最高的事故,本文特以大连松木岛化工园区中两个实际建设工程项目——大化合成氨项目和大连染化集团有限公司搬迁改造(一期)工程为例,对液氨、液氯储罐泄漏事故进行环境风险评价,为风险防范提供参考依据。同时,在阅读大量文献和此类事故风险评价报告书后总结发现,前人在进行危险品风险评价时,并没有对于储罐泄露场景即泄漏源情况的选取展开细致研究,忽视了相关参数选取对风险预测结果的影响,针对这一问题,本文选取两种气象条件即D稳定度风速3.5m/s和F稳定度风速1.5m/s时的情景；两种泄露位置即罐体和管路；不同泄漏高度,即罐顶和不同裂口液位；选取不同泄漏源大小,即5mm小孔破裂,50mm大孔破裂,20%管路破裂和100%管路破裂四种模型,就各种泄漏模式下的后果影响进行定性分析及定量计算,比较液氨、液氯储罐发生泄露时不同泄露状态、泄露位置、泄露条件等作用下的预测结果,总结各泄露条件下整合预测结果,进行定性分析,并通过事故最远影响距离和事故概率的乘积得到不同事故场景的风险值,最终得出结论,选取20%管径泄露时风险值最大,为突发性典型事故泄漏参数选取提供参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of chemical industry parks in China has developed rapidly, and industrial parks have basically built large-scale storage areas, which contain a large number of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals, most of which are major dangerous sources, according to statistics.The frequency of leakage accidents of this kind of dangerous chemicals belongs to the higher frequency in sudden pollution accidents.In order to facilitate the storage of commonly used hazardous chemicals, chemical plants usually store them in high pressure or atmospheric pressure containers such as storage tanks in the form of liquefaction, high pressure and low temperature. Because of the harsh storage conditions and the dangerous operation caused by many human errors,When the storage container leaks into the atmosphere, it will lead to personal injury and environmental pollution, and may be accompanied by a fire or explosion and other malignant accidents.Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to study the risk assessment of typical chemical accidents. Referring to the previous literatures, the leakage accidents of liquid ammonia and liquid chlorine storage tanks are the most frequent accidents in recent years.In this paper, two practical construction projects in Dalian Songmu Island Chemical Industrial Park, Dahua synthetic ammonia Project and Dalian dyeing and Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Relocation and renovation (first phase) project are taken as examples.The environmental risk assessment of leakage accident of liquid chlorine storage tank provides reference for risk prevention.At the same time, after reading a large number of literatures and the risk assessment report of such accidents, it is found that the former people did not carry out a careful study on the selection of the leakage source, that is, the leakage source, when the former people carried out the risk assessment of dangerous goods.In view of this problem, this paper selects two meteorological conditions, namely D stability wind speed 3.5m/s and F stability wind speed 1.5m/s, the two leakage locations are tank and pipeline, and the influence of relative parameters on the risk prediction results is ignored in this paper, aiming at this problem, two meteorological conditions, namely D stability wind speed 3.5m/s and F stability wind speed 1.5m/s, are selected in this paper.Different leakage height, that is, tank top and different crack liquid level, four kinds of models of different leakage source size, that is, 5mm small hole rupture of 50mm large hole rupture of 20% pipeline and 100% pipe rupture, are selected.Qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation of the effects of various leakage modes are carried out to compare the prediction results under the action of different leakage states, leakage locations and leakage conditions in liquid ammonia and liquid chlorine storage tanks.This paper summarizes the integrated prediction results under various leakage conditions, carries on qualitative analysis, and obtains the risk value of different accident scenarios through the product of the farthest influence distance and accident probability of accident, and finally comes to the conclusion that the maximum risk value is when 20% diameter leakage is selected.It provides a reference for the selection of leakage parameters in sudden typical accidents.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X937

【参考文献】